Cellulose acetate butyrate blends

Polymer blends have been categorized as (1) compatible, exhibiting only a single Tg, (2) mechanically compatible, exhibiting the Tg values of each component but with superior mechanical properties, and (3) incompatible, exhibiting the unenhanced properties of phase-separated materials (8). Based on the mechanical properties, it has been suggested that PCL-cellulose acetate butyrate blends are compatible (8). Dynamic mechanical measurements of the Tg of PCL-polylactic acid blends indicate that the compatability may depend on the ratios employed (65). Both of these blends have been used to control the permeability of delivery systems (vide infra). 

All the coated samples listed in the tables were heated in an oven for 2 hours at 115 °C to ensure the removal of all solvent. Drying at room temperature, however, was sufficient for many of the coatings to pass the cellophane tape test. The cellulose acetate butyrate blends with 1% of each of the four carboxylated polyesters in Table II, for instance, passed the adhesion test on steel after the coatings had dried at 23 °C for only 0.5 hour, and the blends with 1% of the polyesters having acid numbers of 39-126 passed the adhesion test on aluminum. 

Metal specimens coated with the various blends were immersed in water in an accelerated test to determine the effect of high humidity. Cellulose acetate butyrate blends containing carboxylated polyesters prepared with hexahydroterephthalic acid [H(NPG), T50H(NPG)] were particularly susceptible to moisture and failed the adhesion test after immersion for only 0.5 hour similar blends containing T50I(NPG) extended with dianhydride Via or with PMDA passed the adhesion test after immersion for 16 hours. When coatings on cold-rolled steel of cellulose acetate butyrate (EAB-381-0.5) blends containing 1% of each of the... 

FT-IR and FT-NIR Imaging of the Spherulitic Structure of PolyP-Hydroxy-Butyrate) and Cellulose Acetate Butyrate Blends... 

Carboxylated polyesters were prepared by extending hydroxyl-terminated polyester segments with dianhydrides. Carboxylated polyesters which were soluble in common lacquer solvents were effective in improving the adhesion of coatings on a variety of substrates when 1-10% was blended with cellulose acetate butyrate, poly(vinyl chloride), poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, bisphenol polycarbonates, and other soluble polymers. 

Table II shows the effect of the carboxyl content on the adhesive characteristics of PMDA-extended polyesters in blends with K-l polycarbonate [4,4 - (2-norbomylidene) diphenol polycarbonate] (VIII), cellulose acetate butyrate, and poly (vinyl chloride). K-l polycarbonate is an experimental polymer which, like cellulose acetate butyrate and poly (vinyl chloride), is very sensitive to adhesive changes because only 1-2% of a carboxylated...

Some cellulose derivatives and P(3HB) and P(3HB-co-3HV) have been found to show good compatibility [114-116]. These are chemically modified natural and natural biodegradable polymer blend systems. Blends obtained by melts compounding P(3HB) with cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB, degrees of butyrate and acetate substitution are 2.50 and 0.18, respectively) have been found to be miscible over the whole composition range by DSC and dynamic mechanical spectroscopy [116]. 

PHB/PVAL blends appear to be partially miscible with increasing PVGH yielding increased miscibility as judged by NMR analysis [Azuma et al., 1992]. Blends of bacterial/synthetic PHB were shown to be cocrystalline and biodegradable [Pearce et al., 1992]. Miscibility of bacterial PHB with cellulose acetate proprionate and cellulose acetate butyrate has been reported [Scandola et al., 1992]. 

Cellulose butyrate contains the bulkier butyryl group these esters are more compatible and soluble than acetates, but are too soft for most coating applications. Cellulose esterified with blends of alkyl groups can provide many intermediate properties needed in coatings. Selection of the appropriate cellulose acetate butyrate [9004-36-8] (CAB) and cellulose acetate propionate [9004-39-f] (CAP) content must be based on specific application requirements. 

CAB Cellulose acetate-butyrate ECB Ethylene copolymer blends... 

CeccomUi G, PizzoU M, Scandola M (1993) Effect of a low-molecular-weight plasticizer on the thermal and viscoelastic properties of miscible blends of bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) with cellulose acetate butyrate. Macromolecules 26 6722-6726 Chanprateep S, Kikuya K, Shimizu H, Shioya S (2(X)2) Model predictive controller for biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoate production in fed-batch culture. J Bacterid 95 157-169 Chen GQ, Wu Q (2005) The application of polyhydroxyalkanoates as tissue engineering materials. Biomaterials 26 6565-6578... 

Blends with Cellulose Acetate Butyrate Esters. 145... 

Li M F, Xiao R and Sun G (2011) Formation and morphology development of poly(butylene terephthalate) nanofibers from poly(butylene terephthalate)/cellulose acetate butyrate immiscible blends, Polym Eng Sci 51 835-842. 

Gilmore et al. reported the preparation of a blend of cellulose acetate esters and P(3HB-co-3HV) copolymer using a solvent-casting method. P(3HB-C0-3HV) copolymer and cellulose acetate esters were dissolved separately in chloroform and then dried under vacuum. Lotti and Scandola reported the preparation of a blend of cellulose acetate butyrate and P(3HB-co-3HV) copolymer whereby the components were mixed in an injection molding machine. The temperature was kept low in order to minimise the thermal degradation of P(3HB-co-3HV) copolymer. 

Ghosh, L, Jain, R.K., and Glasser, W.G. (1999) Multiphase Materials with Lignin. XV. Blends of Cellulose Acetate Butyrate with Lignin Esters, J.Appl.Polym.Sci. 74,448-457. 

An application of epoxidized soybean oil has been reported recently for plasticizing blends of PHBV and cellulose acetate butyrate. The material is claimed to be suitable for such applications as packaging [31]. 

PHB has been blended with poly(ethylene oxide), poly(vinyl butyral), poly(vinyl acetate), poly(vinylphenol), cellulose acetate butyrate, chitin, and chitosan. 

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