Phyllanthus urinaria

Phyllanthus urinaria L. P. niruri Li P. reticulatus Poiret Ye Xia Zhu Zhu Zi Cao (fruit, leaf) Phyllanthine, phyllantidine. In leaf, phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, niranthin, nirtetralin, phylteralin.33 Treat coughing, promote digestion and secretion. 

Phyllanthus urinaria, P. niruri, P. reticulatus Physalis alkekengi, P. angulata... 

Phyllanthus urinaria (Euphorbiaceae), Haematoxyhim campechianum (Fabaceae) [leaf] Phyllanthus urinaria (Euphorbiaceae), Acacia farnesiana (Fabaceae) [plant] Casuarina stricta (Casuarinaceae), Quercus sp. (Fagacaeae), Potentilla sp., Rubus spp. (Rosaceae), Stachyurus praecox (Stachyuraceae), Camellia japonica (Theaceae)... 

Phenolic Ethyl gallate Phyllanthus urinaria 4.3Bp Opens Ca2+-K+CH (ATP-K+... 

The phenomenon of nyctinasty or plant sleep has been recorded since the ancient time of Alexander the Great.83 For example, the pinnate leaves of a large tamarind tree (Tamarindus indica) fold together at night as if the tree sleeps.83 In 1995 Yamamura and coworkers isolated 3.1 mg of phyllanthrinolactone (41, Figure 2.27) from 19.2 kg of the fresh nyctinastic plant Phyllanthus urinaria as its leaf-closing factor.84 It is bioactive only for that plant in the daytime at a very low concentration of 1 x 1(T7M. 

The leaf-closing activity of 41, 41, 41" and 41 " was bioassayed against the leaves of Phyllanthus urinaria. Only 41 was bioactive at the concentrations of 10-3,10-4, and 10-5g/L. In this case, chirality plays an important role in biological recognition. 

Fig. 8.1 Three nyctinastic plants in the daytime (left) and at night (right) (from the left, Senna obtsusifolia L., Phyllanthus urinaria L., and Mimosa pudica L.).

The time-course changes in the content of leaf-closing and leaf-opening factors in the plant Phyllanthus urinaria are highlighted in Fig. 8.4 (Ueda et al., 1999a). HPLC was... 

Fig. 8.4 Time-course change in the concentration of leaf-opening and leaf-closing factors in Phyllanthus urinaria.

Cassia mimosides Aeschynomene indica Leucaena leucocephala Cassia mimosoides Leucaena Phyllanthus urinaria... 

Ueda, M., Shigemori-Suzuki, T. Yamamura, S. (1995b). Phyllanthurinolactone, a leaf-closing factor of nyctinastic plant, Phyllanthus urinaria L. Tetrahedron Letters, 36,6267-6270. 

In addition, the antiviral activity of several other kinds of natural products was also reported. Terpenoids caesahnin B and bonducellpin D from the seeds of traditional Chinese medicinal plant Caesalpinia minax exhibited inhibitory activities on the PI-3 virus in vitro by cytopathogenic effects (CPE) reduction assay (Jiang et al. 2002). Hippomanin A from Phyllanthus urinaria Linnea (Euphorbiaceae), which is a commonly used traditional medicinal plant in oriental countries, exhibited antiviral activity against HSV-2 but not HSV-1 infection (Fig. 3.7 Yang et al. 2007). 

Yamai M, Tsumura K, Kimura M et al (2003) Antiviral activity of a hot water extract of black soybean against a human respiratory iUness virus. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 67 1071-1079 Yang CM, Cheng HY, Lin TC (2007) Hippomanin A from acetone extract of Phyllanthus urinaria inhibited HSV-2 but not HSV-1 infection in vitro. Phytother Res 21 1182-1186 Yi L, Li Z, Yuan K, Qu X et al (2004) Small molecules blocking the entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus into host cells. J Virol 78 11334-11339 Yura Y, Yoshida H, Sato M (1993) Inhibition of herpes simplex virus replication by genistein, an inhibitor of protein-tyrosine kinase. Arch Virol 132 451 61 Zakay-Rones Z, Thom E, Wollan T (2004) Randomized study of the efficacy and safety of oral elderberry extract in the treatment of influenza A and B virus infections. J Int Med Res 32 132-140... 

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