Systems of activity

Hofstra, A. and Uetrecht, J.P., Metabolism of hydralazine to a reactive intermediate by the oxidizing system of activated leukocytes, Chemico-Biol. Interact., 89,183, 1993. 

The high rate of explosive reactions is the result of long accumulation in the system of active products or heat therefore, realization of the reaction under conditions of complete mixing, which can also replace a long period of accumulation, is for these reactions the best means of carrying out the reaction with maximum intensity over a minimum time in a minimum volume, which in a number of cases is of practical interest. 

Some Systems of Active Transport Driven by ATP Hydrolysis... 

Trusevich, V.V. (1985). Organic matter in the body of some zooplankton organisms in waters of subequatorial divergence (In Russian). In Ecological Systems of Active Dynamic Zones of the Indian Ocean (T.S. Petipa, ed.), pp. 167-172. Naukova Dumka, Kiev. 

Quality assurance (QA) has been described as a system of activities that assures the producer or user of a product that defined standards of quality with a stated level of confidence are met. Quality control (QC) differs in that it is an overall system of activities that controls the quality of a product so that it meets the needs of the users (Taylor, 1987). In other words, QC consists of the technical activities to control and assess the quality of the measurements, while QA is the management system that ensures that an effective QC system is working as planned. 

Figure 4. Flow rates of water vapor through micropore system of activated carbon rod having larger micropores than samples of Figures 2 and 3...

Table 9. Dissociation constants for different model systems of active species in CH2CI2...

Control of Distribution in Polyolefins with Catalytic Systems of active centres of the form nSC... 

Quality Assurance (QA) is a system of activities whose purpose is to provide to the data user the assurance that the data meet defined standard of quality. It consists of QC and quality assessment. QA applies to field and laboratory practices including collection, identification, storage, preservation, shipment and analysis of samples. 

Quality Control (QC) is the overall system of activities whose purpose is to control the quality of the data to meet the needs of the user in a satisfactory, adequate, dependable and economic way. 

Although Germany has a long-standing reputation as a passive welfare state with elaborate schemes of status-protecting income replacement through social insurance in case of unemployment and a full-blown system of active labour market policies, all benefit systems had formal elements of activation and work requirement - but they had not been enforced systematically. 

To use Eq. (16.2), the significance of the function g (r, p) must be accurately described then a has a precise meaning. Two ways of describing gfT, p) are in common use each leads to a different system of activities. In either system the activity of a component is still a measure of its chemical potential. 

In the rational system of activities, gfT, p) is identified with the chemical potential of the pure liquid, p°(T, p) ... 

The practical system of activities and activity coefficients is useful for solutions in which only the solvent has a mole fraction near unity all of the solutes are present in relatively small amounts. For such a system we use the rational system for the solvent and the practical system for the solutes. As the concentration of solutes becomes very small, the behavior of any real solution approaches that of the ideal dilute solution. Using a subscript j to identify the solutes, then in the ideal dilute solution (Section 14.11)... 

The identification of gj(T, p) with defines the practical system of activities the practical... 

On the other hand, there are two groups or systems for various nutrients and metabolites in which transport of certain metabolites postulated to be driven directly by the hydrolysis of ATP or other energy-rich compounds without the requirement of a protonmotive force these are the binder -requiring systems and the phosphotransferase systems [22]. Binders are periplasmic proteins, which occur between the cytoplasmic and the outer membrane of microorganisms. They appear to be loosely attached to the outer face of the cytoplasmic membrane, from which they can be removed, for instance, by mild osmotic shock. However, the mentioned hypothesis that the (shock-sensitive) binder systems of active transport are primary active does not appear to be fully established mainly because a distinction between primary and secondary active transport is not possible in the presence of a functioning H -transporting ATPase. The main evidence in favor of primary active transport in shock-sensitive transport systems has been derived from a Ca, Mg, ATPase-less mutant of E. coli. There are, however, some findings which do not seem to support this hypothesis. 

The GVB/spin-coupled VB wave function for a molecular system of active electrons with total spin S and projection M is ... 

In this context, not only the driver in view of his actions and decisions is of interest, but also regarding his acceptance of different measures [39] (see Sect. 4.3 for more on acceptance and its connection to safety). During the use of a system of active or integral safety, changes in behavior due to adaption or compensation effects can occur and must be accounted for when evaluating safety benefits [32]. To draw a conclusion, a full forecast of their [i.e., active safety systems author s note] potential is only possible with respect to the complete relation of driver-vehicle-system-environment [9] (see also [40]). These and various other aspects of evaluation of active safety systems have also been subject of discussion in European Union funded projects an overview is, for example, given in [41]. 

The review of existing methods of evaluation includes a general description of retrospective and prospective testing and data sources available. For new systems of active safety a prospective approach seems nearly always to be most promising. However, the data sources available have deficits regarding the amount of data as well as depth of information and quality. Different methods of evaluation have been introduced especially their advantages and challenges with respect to validity have been discussed. 

The subject sample consisted of 40 persons, aged 22-60years (average 37.3years, SD 10.9 years). 13 persons were female, 27 male. All subjects were BMW Group employees not working or acquainted with driver assistance or systems of active safety. 

For the optimization of a system of active or integral safety, not only the positive effects, as given in Fig. 6.5, are important, but also the overall quality of the system and its components including false positives has to be considered. The number needed to... 

The quality of the analytical work cannot be maintained without adequate quality control (QC) procedures. The meaning of the term quality control often varies according to context. In general QC is the overall system of activities used to fulfill requirements for documentation of quality. The system should be satisfactory, adequate, dependable, and economic. Examples of quality control are control charts, blank determination, blind samples, and repetitive determinations. The number of test results to be obtained from the analysis of each sample is related to the purpose of the analytical work. As guidance for QC purposes, it is necessary to analyze at least one sample in duplicate in every 10 determinations of the analyte. 

The prospective pulmonary fibrosis-inducing potency of the mononuclear phagocyte system of active coal workers and retired coal miners has been... 

The accuracy with which the angle 6 and the horizontal position x can be measured determines the range resolution of such a triangulation system. This system of active triangulation uses a single point Kght source that is swept across the scene in a raster scan fashion. 

The characteristics of the storage system of active carbon-methane... 

In a second paper Kazakevich and Eltekov consider the problem in terms of a layer of finite thickness, a treatment equally applicable to adsorption by microporous bodies where the adsorption volume is constant. They define a new system of activity coefficients (U and for both bulk and adsorbed phases write... 

---