Nanoparticle Systems

RC Oppenheim. Solid colloidal drug delivery systems nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 8 217-234, 1981. 

Solubility enhancement systems lipid-based systems, nanoparticles, surfactants, semisolid formulations... 

Kolodgie FD, John M, Khurana C, et al, Sustained reduction of in-stent neointimal growth with the use of a novel systemic nanoparticle paclitaxel, Circulation 2002 106 ... 

Calvo, P, Vila-Jato, J. L., and Alonso, M. J. (1996), Comparative in vitro evaluation of several colloidal systems, nanoparticles, nanocapsules, and nanoemulsions, as ocular drug carriers, J. Pharm. Sci., 85(5), 530-536. 

Nanoparticle transport in aifeous systems. Nanoparticles are intermediate in size between most clay-sized materials (and colloids) and molecules. Their transport behavior should vary accordingly. Important factors will be nanoparticle size and aggregation state. However, size-dependent surface properties may lead to unanticipated behavior. This could arise, for example, due to modified surface reactivity compared to macroscopic equivalents. Most research on transport of submicron-scale materials has dealt with larger particles or colloidal aggregates. Specific consideration of transport of very small particles may be worthwhile. 

The topic of ocular bioavailability of indomethacin administered in a sub-micrometer emulsion was al.so examined by the research group led by M, J. Alon.so at the University of Santiago de Compo-stela, Spain (32). These workers tested several carriers in vivo in rabbits nanopaiticles, nanocapsules, microparticles, and a submicrometer emulsion. The latter, prepared by the method of Yu et al. (33) with poloxamer 188 and soybean lecithin and containing 0.1% w/v indomethacin, had particles of diameter 0.21 0.02 im. The submicrometer systems (nanoparticles, nanocapsules, and emulsion) increased by more than three-fold the indomethacin concentration in the cornea, aqueous humor, and iris-ciliary body at 0.S and 1.0 h post instillation. Furthermore, an increased indomethacin bioavailability of 300% was observed in comparison with the value obtained for an aqueous commercial solution. Confocal laser scanning microscopy studies indicated (hat the submtcion particles penetrated into the comeal epithelium cells by endocyiosis (he audiors further suggested that the vehicle components (lecithin in the case of emulsions) may act as penetration enhancers or as endocytotic stimulators. 

The literature on applications of polymers of this class in medicine is extensive and, due to space limitations, caimot be reviewed in detail. However, applications include degradable orthopedic saews, sutures, dmg delivery systems, nanoparticles, tissue engineering scaffolds, aesthetic medicine (plastic surgery, wrinkle filler ), and reconstmctive surgery meshes. Comprehensive reviews have been published. ... 

Keywords Luminescence, Multi-Chromophore systems. Nanoparticles, ResOTiance energy transfer. Signal amplification... 

Thus, the analysis of the interaction of two cubic nanoparticles has shown that different variants of their final stationary state of equilibrium are possible, in which the principal vectors of forces and moments are zero. However, there are both stable and unstable stationary states of this system nanoparticle positions 2-3 are stable, and positions 3-4 and 2-5 have limited stability or they are unstable depending on the distance between the nanoparticles. 

Imaging System Nanoparticle/Polymer Materials Functions and Biological Response/ Improvements Reference... 

L.D. Gao, M. Ghen, Drug nanocrystals for the formulation of poorly soluble drugs and its application as a potential drug delivery system, /. Nanoparticle Res., 5 845-862,2008. 

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