Nanoparticles systemic administration

Liposomes (see Section 5.3.1), even small unilamellar vesicles, are usually too large to cross the BBB. Multivesicular liposomes of the order of 0.3-2 wm in diameter are retained by brain following systemic administration however, this is due to embolization of these large structures within the brain microvasculature. Since 40-80 nm liposomes do not undergo significant transport through the BBB, it is expected that nanoparticles, which typically have diameters of 140-300 nm, would also have insignificant... 

Bisht S, Mizuma M, Feldmann G, Ottenhof NA, Hong S-M, Pramanik D et al. Systemic administration of polymeric nanoparticle-encapsulated curcumin (NanoCurc) blocks tumor growth and metastases in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Then 2010 9(8) 2255-2264. 

Im et al. formulated monoolein-based cubic crystalline phase and its nanoparticle system of oregonin and hirsutanonol (both diarylheptanoid derivatives) to treat atopic dermatitis [91]. Diarylheptanoids have a therapeutic effect on the dermal inflammation as selective 5-hpoxygenase inhibitor and thus are expected to be applicable for atopic dermatitis [91]. For the effective treatment of atopic dermatitis with topical administration of therapeutics, penetration and accumulation of the agent into the relevant layers of the skin is required. Therefore, Im et al. explored the localization factors for local skin delivery of oregonin and... 

Since unmodified siRNAs are rapidly eliminated and do not achieve significant tissue distribution upon systemic administration (Soutschek et al., 2004), various targeted delivery strategies target distribution to tissues and facilitate uptake of siRNAs into a relevant cell type. One approach used successfully in animal models (including rodents and nonhuman primates [NHP]) and humans employs intravenous (IV) delivery of siRNA in lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations (Soutschek et al., 2004 Morrissey et al., 2005 ... 

M El-Samaligy, P Rohdewald. Triamcinolone diacetate nanoparticles, a sustained release drug delivery system suitable for parenteral administration. Pharm Acta Helv 57 201, 1982. 

Since the uptake of particles in nasal epithelial tissue is known to be mostly mediated by M cells, nasal administration has been investigated as a noninva-sive delivery of vaccines [37], However, since the uptake of naked DNA by endocytocis is limited, use of either nanoparticles as mucosal delivery systems [37] or hypotonic shock [38] is reported for the efficient transfection of gene and vaccine into the nasal epithelium. It was also reported that polypeptides and polypeptide-coated nanospheres (diameter about 500 nm) are transported through endocytic process in rat M cells [39],... 

Eaust RA (1994) Toxicity summary for toluene, Oak Ridge reservation environmental restoration program. Available at http //rais.oml.gov/tox/profiles/toluene f Vl.shtml Eear NT, Roman E, Reeves G, Panneft B (1998) Childhood cancer and paternal employment in agriculture The role of pesticides. Br J Cancer 77 825-829 Eemandez-Urrusuno R, Eattal E, Eeger J, Couvreur P, Therond P (1997) Evaluation of hepatic antioxidant systems after intravenous administration of polymeric nanoparticles. Biomaterials 18 511-517... 

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