Confocal laser scanning microscopy studies

Rothen-Rutishauser, B., Braun, A., Gunthert, M., and Wunderli-Allenspach, H., Formation of multilayers in the Caco-2 cell culture model a confocal laser scanning microscopy study, Pharm. Res., 17, 460, 2000. 

M. E. M. J. van Kuyk-Meuwissen, H. E. Junginger, and J. A. Bouwstra, Interactions between liposomes and human skin in vitro, a confocal laser scanning microscopy study, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 7377 13-39 (1998). 

A. Schatzlein and G. Cevc. Non-uniform cellular packing of the stratum corneum and permeability barrier function of intact skin a high-resolution confocal laser scanning microscopy study using highly deformable vesicles (Transfersomes). Br. J. Dermatol. 138 583-592 (1998). 

Verma, D.D., Verma, S., Blume, G. et al. Liposomes increase skin penetration of entrapped and non-entrapped hydrophilic substances into human skin a skin penetration and confocal laser scanning microscopy study. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2003 55 271-7. 

The topic of ocular bioavailability of indomethacin administered in a sub-micrometer emulsion was al.so examined by the research group led by M, J. Alon.so at the University of Santiago de Compo-stela, Spain (32). These workers tested several carriers in vivo in rabbits nanopaiticles, nanocapsules, microparticles, and a submicrometer emulsion. The latter, prepared by the method of Yu et al. (33) with poloxamer 188 and soybean lecithin and containing 0.1% w/v indomethacin, had particles of diameter 0.21 0.02 im. The submicrometer systems (nanoparticles, nanocapsules, and emulsion) increased by more than three-fold the indomethacin concentration in the cornea, aqueous humor, and iris-ciliary body at 0.S and 1.0 h post instillation. Furthermore, an increased indomethacin bioavailability of 300% was observed in comparison with the value obtained for an aqueous commercial solution. Confocal laser scanning microscopy studies indicated (hat the submtcion particles penetrated into the comeal epithelium cells by endocyiosis (he audiors further suggested that the vehicle components (lecithin in the case of emulsions) may act as penetration enhancers or as endocytotic stimulators. 

Falke K, Buttner A, Schittkowski M, Stacks O, Kraak R, Zhivov A, Rolfs A, Guthoff R. The microstructure of cornea verticillata in Fabry disease and amiodarone-induced keratopathy a confocal laser-scanning microscopy study. Graefes Arch Chn Exp Ophthalmol 2009 247 523-34. 

Mady, M. M., Ghannam, M. M., Khahl, W. A., MiiUer, R., and Fahr, A. 2009. Efficiency of cytoplasmic delivery by non-cationic liposomes to cells in vitro A confocal laser scanning microscopy study. Phys Med 25 88-93. 

Frequently, histopathological examinations of tissues reveal invaluable information on their toxicities [11], The ability to screen various formulations quickly for both ciliotoxicity and other forms of epithelial toxicities is a strong positive attribute of the ex vivo models. Furthermore, advanced techniques such as confocal laser scanning microscopy can be used to study the drug permeation pathways of these tissues [12],... 

Van Der Lubben, I.M., et al. 2001. In vivo uptake of chitosan microparticles by murine Peyer s patches visualization studies using confocal laser scanning microscopy and immunohistochemistry. J Drug Target 9 39. 

Neu, T. R. 2000. In situ cell and glycoconjugate distribution in river snow studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 21 85-95. 

Lawrence JR, Wolfaardt GM, Neu TR (1998) The study of biofilms using confocal laser scanning microscopy In Wilkinson MHF, Schut F (eds) Digital Image Analysis of Microbes. Wiley, New York, p 431... 

Calvo, P, Thomas, C., and Alonso, M. J. (1994), Study of the mechanism of interaction of poly-c,-caproIactone nanocapsules with the cornea by confocal laser scanning microscopy, Int. J. Pharm., 103,283-291. 

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