System Design and Analysis

Once the system design features are determined, (1) an internal control structure for the system itself is constructed along with the interfaces between the components and (2) functional requirements and design constraints, derived from the system-level requirements and constraints, are allocated to the individual system 

What has been presented so far in this chapter would appear in level 1 of an intent specification. The second level of an intent specification contains System Design Principles—the basic system design and scientific and engineering principles needed to achieve the behavior specified in the top level, as well as any derived requirements and design features not related to the level 1 requirements. 

For TCAS, this level of the intent specification includes such general principles as the basic tau concept, which is related to all the high-level alerting goals and 

2 Each TCAS-equipped aircraft is surrounded by a protected volume of airspace. The boundaries of this volume are shaped by the tau and DMOD criteria ni.20.3). 

1 TAU In collision avoidance, time-to-go to the closest point of approach (CPA) is more important than distance-to-go to the CPA. Tau is an approximation of the time in seconds to CPA. Tau equals 3600 times the slant range in nmi, divided by the closing speed in knots. 

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Traverso A., Trasino F., Magistri F. (2006), Dynamic simulation of the anodic side of an integrated solid oxide fuel cell system. In 8th Biennial ASME Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis, Turin, Italy, ESDA2006-95770. 

Undertake system design and analysis to find pathways for meeting cost and performance targets. 

Develop, document, and make available an efficient, versatile system design and analysis code. 

Zhou, T. and H.T. Liu, 6 Biennial Conf. on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis, Istanbul, Turkey, July 8-11, 2002. 

H.K. Geyer et. al. GCtool for Fuel Cells System Design and Analysis User Documentation , Argonne National Laboratory, 1998, Report ANL-98/8. 

Perform safety-driven system design and analysis... 

N Skou, Microwave Radiometer Systems, Design and Analysis , Artech House, 2006. 

Huet G, Zeng Y, Fortin C (2012) Theoretical foundations supporting the implementation of complementary information stractures across the life of a product. In ASME 2012 11th biennial conference on engineering systems design and analysis. Nantes, France, 2 July 2012... 

Cali M., Orsello G., Santarelli M., Leone P., Experimental activity on the tubular SOFC CHP 100 kWe Field Unit in Italy factor significance, effects and regression model analysis. Proceedings of ESDA2006, 8th Biennial ASME Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis, Torino (Italy), July 2006. 

Dransfield, P. Hydraulic Control Systems Design and Analysis of Their Dynamics Springer, New York, NY, 1981. 

Because of conservative system design and analysis for LOCA events the requirements of 10 CFR 50.46 are met and this issue is resolved for the System 80+ Standard Design. 

Li, M., Brouwer, )., Rao, A.D., and Samuelsen, G.S. (2011) Application of a detailed dimensional solid oxide fuel cell model in integrated gasification fuel cell system design and analysis. J. Power Sources, 196 (14), 5903-5912. 

Table 12.2 lists sources of multi-parameter equations of state for a set of substances that are considered by the authors as providing the most precise representation of the thermodynamic properties that can be used for system design and analysis, as well as in scientific applications. However, the uncertainty of an equation for a substance depends on the available measurements as well as the method used to correlate them and the precision of the equations listed in Table 12.2 could vary significantly. The assessment of the suitability of an equation for an application might be reported by the authors of the particular formulation. 

One of the most frequent comments by reviewers of the first edition has been to commend its clarity. To make the many topics encompassed by fuel cell technology clear to newcomers was one of our most important aims. Nevertheless, there is always room for improvement, and many changes have been made to make the text and diagrams even clearer. Many new diagrams have been added, and others improved. We have added an entirely new chapter that brings together the issues involved in system design and analysis. This introduces concepts such as well-to-wheel analysis, which is now a vital element of systems studies in transportation appUcations. In this new chapter, practical examples of both stationary and mobile applications completes our analysis of fuel cell systems. 

Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) Part 25, Advisory Circulars (AC), AC 25.1309-lA (Joint Aviation Requirements [JAR] 25.1309), System Design and Analysis, June 1,1988. 

In this section, we present a general approach for approximating higher-order transfer function models with lower-order models that have similar dynamic and steady-state characteristics. The low-order models are more convenient for control system design and analysis, as discussed in Chapter 12. 

For control system design and analysis, it is convenient to classify process variables as being either output variables or input variables. The output variables (or outputs) are dependent variables that typically are associated with exit streams or conditions within a process vessel (e.g., compositions, temperatures, levels, and flow rates). Some outputs must be controlled in order to operate a process in a satisfactory manner. They are called controlled variables (CVs). Input... 

The book is divided into five parts. Part I provides an introduction to process control and an in-depth discussion of process modeling. Control system design and analysis increasingly rely on the availabihty of a process model. Consequently, the third edition includes additional material on process modeling based on first principles, such as conservation equations and thermodynamics. Exercises have been added to several chapters based on MATLAB simulations of two physical models, a distillation column and a furnace. These simulations are based on the book. Process Control Modules, by Frank Doyle, Ed Gatzke, and Bob Parker. Both the book and the MATLAB simulations are available on the book Web site (www.wiley.com/college/seborg). National Instruments has provided multimedia modules for a number of examples in the book based on their Lab VIEW software. 

Frequency response concepts and techniques play an important role in control system design and analysis. In particular, they are very useful for stability analysis, control system design, and robustness analysis. Historically, frequency response techniques provided the conceptual framework for early control theory and important applications in the field of communications (MacFarlane, 1979). 

The open-loop transfer function and its frequency response characteristics play a key role in control system design and analysis. In the loop-shaping approach, the controller is designed so that the open-loop transfer function has the desired characteristics. These techniques are described in books on advanced control theory (Doyle et al, 1992 Skogestad and Postlethwaite, 2005). 

Joint Airworthiness Authority, Advisory Material Joint (AMJ) relating to JAR 25.1309 System Design and Analysis. AMJ 25.1309 (1990)... 

Boundary Element Analysis of Shrink-Fit Type Problems", Proceedings of the 2nd Biennial European Joint Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis, Vol. 8A, London, England, 4-7 July, ppl7-21. 

ATLAS is a software package for use in support of systems design and analysis work. It combines the elements of graphically based task analysis with the advantages of a database. ATLAS supports a variety of conventional task analysis methods and incorporates more than 60 human performance, workload and human reliability algorithms. (Hamilton and Bierbaum, 1990)... 

AC 25.1309 -lA (undated) System Design and Analysis, Advisory Circular. 

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