Surface waters Water Framework Directive

This Act was amended in 2001 respecting the requirements of the EU water framework directive. It regulates the use and protection of surface water, coastal water and groundwater, but not waterways. Water is considered as a... 

DEHP is the most prevalent phthalate used and, thus, the most regulated. The EU has included it in the list of 33 substances of priority or possibly priority substances in the field of water policy and in the Water Framework Directive 2001/2455/EC [48], with the aim to reduce uses and emissions of DEHP to surface waters. A limit... 

Like nitrates, phosphates are included in the indicative list of main pollutants (Water Framework Directive, 2000/60/EC) because of their contribution to eutrophication. Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for all plants and in modem agriculture this element has to be supplied to the crops as fertilizer. Wind erosion, surface mnoff and leaching constitute the main pathways for transport of phosphoms from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems. The process is accelerated by agriculture, animal husbandry and anthropogenic discharges. 

European Communities, 2009. Common implementation strategy for the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC). Guidance Document No. 19. Guidance on surface water chemical monitoring under the Water Framework Directive. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Technical Report 2009-25, Luxembourg, 222 pp. 

A strategy for dealing with pollution of water from chemicals is set out in Article 16 of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/1 iC (WFD). As a first step of this strategy, a list of priority substances was adopted (Decision 2455/2001/EC), identifying 33 substances or groups of substances of priority concern at Community level. Recently, the European Commission adopted a proposal for a new Directive to protect surface water from pollution (COM (2006) 397 final). The proposed Directive will set limits on concentrations in surface waters of 41 dangerous chemical substances including 33 priority substances and 8 other pollutants that pose a particular risk to animal and plant life in the aquatic environment and to human health. The proposal is accompanied by a communication (COM (2006) 398 final) which elaborates on this approach and an impact assessment (SEC (2006) 947) which illustrates the choices that the Commission made. 

The EC Water Framework Directive (WFD) essentially combines the efforts in protecting gronndwater and all surface waters on land and in the territorial waters of the EU Member States, and therefore also transitional and coastal marine waters. As a result. 

The aims of the European Union s Water Framework Directive (2000/60/CE) (WFD) are similar to those of the equivalent legislation in Australia, Canada and the United States of America and have been discussed thoroughly in earlier chapters of this book. However, it is worth stressing that the main aims are to improve and protect the quality of all water bodies across Europe, and to achieve sustainable use of water resources. The quality of surface waters is to be managed at river basin level, and there is a tight deadline (2015) for the achievement of tlie main aims. In iJiis context, this chapter will deal witli the methods that are available, or in some cases under development, for use in monitoring the chemical and biological quality of water, and... 

The European Water Framework Directive (EU-WFD) wants to establish a framework for the protection of inland surface waters, transitional water and groundwater and aims at achieving good ecological potential... 

The Water Framework Directive (European Union, 2010) aims at achieving a good ecological and chemical status of surface water by 2015. The Industrial Emissions Directive (lED) 2010/75/EC, minimizes the environmental impact of industrial sources. Permits provided to companies need to concern the whole environmental impact of the plant they also need to be based on the best available techniques and are subject to mandatory inspections. 

CPs and MCCPs revealed that the rapid increase of total PCA concentrations in the 1980s is mainly caused by SCCPs, whereas MCCP levels changed much less (Fig. 7). The maximum SCCP concentration was 33 ng/g dw in 1986, and the level of the surface sediment was 21 ng/g dw of SCCPs. MCCP concentrations increased since 1965 and reached a maximum in the surface sediment (26 ng/g dw). A decrease of SCCPs and a shift to more MCCPs was observed after 2000. Future research must be planned to verify this decrease, which could be attributed to an effect of the regulations of the EU Water Framework Directive and the preceding discussions about a general ban of SCCPs. 

WFD chemical monitoring guidance for surface water. Available at http //circa.europa.eu/Public/irc/env/ wfd/library l=/framework directive/chemical monitoring/technical 2007pdf/ EN 1.0 a=d. 

Lepom P., B. Brown, G. Hanke, et al. 2009. Needs for reliable analytical methods for monitoring chemical pollutants in surface water under the European Water Framework Directive. J. Chromatogr. A. 1216 302-315. 

Monitoring surface water, ground water, seawater, effluents and drinking water for toxic compounds is traditionally carried out by discrete (spot) sampling that is followed by chemical analysis in the laboratory. This provides qualitative and quantitative information on specific analytes, in Europe often focused on the priority substances defined by the EC Water Framework Directive, WFD (European Commission, 2000). Although... 

Redefinition of the surface water monitoring networks in compliance with the Water Framework Directive, taking into account the results of the comparison mentioned in the previous point. 

Van Splunder, I., Pelsma, T.A.H.M. and Bak. A. (eds) (2006) Guidelines for monitoring surface water for the European Water Framework Directive, version 1.3, Lelystad, The Netherlands (in Dutch). 

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