Supramolecular chemistry self-assembly

Keywords Supramolecular chemistry. Self-assembly, Cage compounds. Metal complexes. Host-guest chemistry... 

Control over the self-assembly of molecular building blocks into well-defined architectures at surfaces represents one of the most important challenges of supramolecular chemistry. Self-assembled 2D monolayers formed by physisorp-tion of organic molecules have attracted a great deal of interest in view of their potential applications to molecular electronics, sensing via molecular and chiral recognition, and the formation of 2D polymers [76, 77]. In particular, 2D porous... 

Ma, Y. Kolomchin, S. V. Zimmerman, S. C. Supramolecular polymer chemistry Self-assembling dendrimers using the DDA AAD (GC-like) hydrogen bonding motif. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002,124, 13757-13769. 

In chemistry, self-assembly is defined as a phenomenon by which molecules order themselves into a particular arrangement without external intervention. The process occurs under the guidance of numerous weak non-covalent bonding interactions that represent the core of supramolecular chemistry. It is not surprising that chemists engaged in the synthesis of topologically non-trivial structures are interested in utilizing self-assembly to direct the templation of chemical components into intermediates prone to cyclization, followed by the formation of covalent bonds. 

Enrico Dalcanale graduated in Industrial Chemistry (cum laude) at the University of Bologna in 1981. After working as research scientist at the Donegani Research Institute of Montedison in Novara from 1982 to 1990, he joined the Faculty of the Department of Organic and Industrial Chemistry of the University of Parma, where he is currently a Professor. In 1985-86 he spent a sabbatical year in the group of D. J. Cram (Nobel Laureate 1987) at UCLA. He has published over 120 research papers, 10 reviews and he holds 13 patents. His research interests include molecular recognition, supramolecular sensors, self-assembly of nanostructures in solution and on surfaces, supramolecular polymers. For his work in the field of supramolecular chemistry he received the Federchimica Prize in 1997 and the Research Prize from the Italian Chemical Society in 2009. 

Yeh RM, Davis AV, Raymond KN (2003) Supramolecular systems self-assembly. In Fujita M, Powell A, Creutz A (eds) Comprehensive coordination chemistry 11, vol 7. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 327-355... 

Analytical chemistry having an interdisciplinary character cannot set aside the attractive power and advances of supramolecular chemistry - the chemistry beyond the molecule or the chemistry of molecular assemblies and of intermolecular bonds as defined by Jean-Marie Lehn, who won the Nobel Prize in 1987. Recognition, reactivity, and transport, as well as self-assembly, self-organization and self-replication are the basic functional features of supramolecular species and chemistry. 

The main supramolecular self-assembled species involved in analytical chemistry are micelles (direct and reversed), microemulsions (oil/water and water/oil), liposomes, and vesicles, Langmuir-Blodgett films composed of diphilic surfactant molecules or ions. They can form in aqueous, nonaqueous liquid media and on the surface. The other species involved in supramolecular analytical chemistry are molecules-receptors such as calixarenes, cyclodextrins, cyclophanes, cyclopeptides, crown ethers etc. Furthermore, new supramolecular host-guest systems arise due to analytical reaction or process. 

Sauvage, J. P. and Hosseine, M. W., Eds., Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry, Volume 9 Templating, Self-Assembly, and Self-Organization, Pergamon, Oxford, 1999. 

The reviews collected in this book convey some of the themes recurrent in nano-colloid science self-assembly, constraction of supramolecular architecture, nanoconfmement and compartmentalization, measurement and control of interfacial forces, novel synthetic materials, and computer simulation. They also reveal the interaction of a spectrum of disciplines in which physics, chemistry, biology, and materials science intersect. Not only is the vast range of industrial and technological applications depicted, but it is also shown how this new way of thinking has generated exciting developments in fundamental science. Some of the chapters also skirt the frontiers, where there are still unanswered questions. 

The use of ordered supramolecular assemblies, such as micelles, monolayers, vesicles, inverted micelles, and lyotropic liquid crystalline systems, allows for the controlled nucleation of inorganic materials on molecular templates with well-defined structure and surface chemistry. Poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers modified with long aliphatic chains are a new class of amphiphiles which display a variety of aggregation states due to their conformational flexibility [38]. In the presence of octadecylamine, poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers modified with long alkyl chains self-assemble to form remarkably rigid and well-defined aggregates. When the aggregate dispersion was injected into a supersaturated... 

Intermolecular recognition and self-assembly processes both in the solid, liquid, and gas phases are the result of the balanced action of steric and electronic factors related to shape complementarity, size compatibility, and specific anisotropic interactions. Rather than pursuing specific and definitive rules for recognition and self-assembly processes, we will afford some heuristic principles that can be used as guidelines in XB-based supramolecular chemistry. 

Lehn, J.-M. (2002) Supramolecular chemistry and self-assembly special feature toward complex matter supramolecular chemistry and selforganization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the, 99 (8), 4763-4768. 

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