Attractions, power

Recall that the carbon atom of carbon dioxide bears a partial positive charge because of the electron attracting power of its attached oxygens When hydroxide ion (the Lewis base) bonds to this positively polarized carbon a pair of electrons in the carbon-oxygen double bond leaves carbon to become an unshared pair of oxygen... 

Analytical chemistry having an interdisciplinary character cannot set aside the attractive power and advances of supramolecular chemistry - the chemistry beyond the molecule or the chemistry of molecular assemblies and of intermolecular bonds as defined by Jean-Marie Lehn, who won the Nobel Prize in 1987. Recognition, reactivity, and transport, as well as self-assembly, self-organization and self-replication are the basic functional features of supramolecular species and chemistry. 

The rates of both formation and hydrolysis of dimethyl acetals of -substituted benzaldehydes are substituent-dependent. Do you expect to increase or decrease with increasing electron-attracting capacity of the pam substituent Do you expect the Ahydroi to increase or decrease with the electron-attracting power of the substituent How do you expect K, the equilibrium constant for acetal formation, to vary with the nature of the substituent ... 

Electronegativity A measure of the attracting power of an atom for an electron in a chemical bond. 

The leaving group of the oxalic ester has a strong effect on the efficiency of the peroxyoxalate chemiluminescent system. The electron-attracting power of the substituents on the phenyl rings of the substituted diphenyl oxalates is important to the overall efficiency of the chemiluminescent reactions. Steric effects... 

There is one particular n that merits special attention. It reflects simple customary ideas The electron-attracting power of otherwise similar atoms decreases as their electron populations increase, thus opposing charge separation. This concept views local charge variations as events occurring most reluctantly, suggesting that the carbon atoms found in alkanes should be very similar to one another, conceivably differing as little as possible from one another. 

From the lack of reactivity with electrophilic reagents and from the readiness to undergo nucleophilic reactions when electron withdrawing substituents are present, may be concluded that the two carbon atoms of the heterocycle are positively polarized by the electron attracting power of the 2 and 4 nitrogen atoms. 

Extended Huckel (fails to allow for the dependence of the electron attracting power of an atomic orbital on the... 

Coupled with normal electric motors, the systems can provide attractive power system alternatives for automobiles, tractors, trucks, aircraft, boats, ships, submarines, trains, and other vehicles, again without exhaust emissions, pollutants, or harmful waste products and without fuel costs. 

The proton attracting power of polar groups can be compared by studying the equilibria in 2 2 -disubstituted diazoaminobenzenes. 

That Theophrastus knows the lodestone also is plain, though he merely alludes to it in passing, Electron also is a stone. It is dug from the earth in Liguria, and has, like the before-mentioned,27 a power of attraction. But the greatest and most evident attractive power is in that stone which attracts iron. But that is a scarce stone and found in but few places. It should however be ranked with these stones as it possesses the same quality. ... 

In this way, repulsions between electrons associated with completion of the valence shell of carbon are compensated by the electron-attracting powers of the positively charged nuclei of the atoms to which the carbon is bonded. 

Methane, CH4, is at the other extreme. It boils at —161°, which is about 800° lower even than the melting point of lithium hydride. Because carbon and hydrogen have about the same electron-attracting power, C-H bonds have little ionic character, and methane may be characterized as a nonpolar substance. As a result, there is relatively little electrostatic attraction between methane molecules and this allows them to escape more easily from each other as gaseous molecules —hence the low boiling point. 

The degree of shielding of the proton by the carbon valence electrons depends on the character of the substituent atoms and groups present, and particularly on their electron-attracting power, or electronegativity. For a grouping of the... 

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