Suntans

The principal OTC pharmaceutical products include cold remedies, vitamins and mineral preparations, antacids, analgesics, topical antibiotics, antiftingals and antiseptics, and laxatives. Others include suntan products, ophthalmic solutions, hemorrhoidal products, sleep aids, and dermatological products for treatment of acne, dandmff, insect parasites, bums, dry skin, warts, and foot care products (11). More recent prescription-to-OTC switches have included hydrocortisone, antihistamine and decongestant products, antiftingal agents, and, as of 1995, several histamine H2-receptor antagonists. 

The alkaloid reserpiae [50-55-5] which is isolated from the roots of Kauwoljia serpentina T., contains a gaUate trimethyl ether moiety. Reserpiae is used as an antihypertensive and a tranquilizer. A vinylogue of reserpiae, rescinnamine [24815-24-5] is also an antihypersensitive (75). Methoxsalen [298-81-7] (8-methoxypsoralen 7JT-9-methoxy-furo [3,2- ] [l]benzopyran-7-one) (21), a furocoumatia that occurs ia plants, eg, l eguminosae and Umbelliferae is used ia the treatment of vitiligo, as a suntanning promoter, and as a sunburn protectant. It is also available by synthesis (76). 

Getting more creative with the chemistry, a chemist can add other desirable features to these molecules. Adding long chains of hydrocarbons can help it mix better with suntan oils to spread more easily on the skin. The resonance bonds can be modified a little bit to get a broader absorption range, expanding into the longer wave UV-A region. 

A university student recently had a busy day. Each of the student s activities on that day (reading, having a dental x-ray, making popcorn in a microwave oven, and getting a suntan) involved radiation from a different part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Complete the following table and match each type of radiation to the appropriate event ... 

YMg2Aln019 Ce3+ 3MgC03.Mg(0H)2-3H20, Y203, A1203, CeC03 Suntan lamp for medical use phosphor emits in the near-UV (340 nm)... 

Among others, in the development of suntan lotions or in the production of beer, the oxidation of ingredients during storage is a known cause of reduced product quality. 

Melanin is formed by a photochemical reaction, so the concentration of melanin within the human epidermis (the outer layer of the skin) increases following exposure to photochemical reactions with tyrosine in the skin. This increase is seen readily by the formation of a suntan. This increase in the concentration of melanin following exposure to the sun is more obvious for fair-skinned people, although darker people usually tan more quickly because melanin is produced more efficiently in their skins. 

A suntan is merely an increase in the concentration of melanin in the skin. 

A suntan forms as nature s way of protecting the skin against energetic photons. 

It is interesting that while a number of suntan lotion ingredients are used, which of the more recent ones that offer broad range protection is titanium dioxide. What are the other major use of titanium dioxide ... 

To our wives, Karen and Suntan, for their love and patience... 

A-Nitrosodiethanolamine at levels of 600-7386 ppb was detected in 11 samples of cosmetics in the United States which included hand creams, face creams, shampoos, cocoa butter cream, moisturizing lotion and a make-up remover (all products listed diethanolamine and/or triethanolamine as ingredients) (Tunick etal., 1982). TV-Nitroso-diethanolamine was found in all seven cosmetic formulations one with traces (< 10 ng/g) and six at levels of 41 7 000 ng/g and in 12 of 13 lotions (seven with traces <10 ng/g and five with 14-140 ng/g) and in eight of nine hair shampoos (three with traces < 10 ng/g and live with 17-280 ng/g) in the United States (Fan et al., 1977b). Of 191 cosmetics analysed, 77 contained from 10 to more than 2000 ppb N-nitrosodiethanolamine (Elder, 1980). Westin etal. (1990) analysed 20 different suntan lotions in Israel and found that three were contaminated with 17-27 ppb TV-nitroso-diethanolamine (with traces 5-10 ppb). 

Westin, J.B., Spiegelhalder, B., Preussmann, R. Shani, J. (1990) Assay of suntan lotions for the carcinogenic, non-volatile V-nitrosoamine V-nitrosodiethanolamine. Cancer Lett., 50, 157-160... 

Sapindus mukorossi Gaertner Wu Huan Shu (Bodhi seeds) (flower, fruit, seed, root) Saponin, mukorosside.60-450 For conjuctivitis, eye diseases, removes freckles and suntan. 

Thioindigos. The use of the 6,6 -diethoxy derivative in simulated suntanning dolls is described in the following ... 

Almost everyone is familiar with aloe vera as a popular ingredient of skin lotion and suntan preparations. Its use for skin care and treatment goes back to ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Greece. 

Lowe, C. and Goodman-Lowe, G., Suntanning in hammerhead sharks, Nature, 383, 677, 1996. 

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