Pyrolysis, programmed

Figure 9.3 Three routes to ceramics all of which proceed through a vital crosslinking process to give a network early in the pyrolysis program. In pathway C the carrier polymer is decomposed during pyrolysis and the side groups are incorporated into the final ceramic.

Figure 3. Examples of inputs and outputs, Brauns pyrolysis program FP60...

PROBLEM CLASSIFICATIONS BRAUN PYROLYSIS PROGRAM PF60... 

Programmed Pyrolysis, Programmed Combustion, and Specific Nitrogen and Sulfur Detection... 

Fig. 6.9. Rates of hydrocarbon yield during experimental pyrolysis and kinetic energy spectrum restored from these rates for the Silurian source shales of the Takhoukht region, a Rates of hydrocarbon generation during pyrolysis programming heating with the rates of (i) 5 C min", (2) 15 °C min", and (3) 30 °C min" . b Distribution of apparent activation energies vs. initial petroleum potential for the chemical kinetic reactions. The time-temperature history of the Silurian source rock (see Fig. 6.8a) was considered when developing the energy spectrum (see text)...

Figure 36.3. Typical pyrolysis program for manufacturing of carbon aerogels.

Figure 1 has shown that the maximum chemisorption of oxygen on chars from untreated wood occurs at HTT 450°-500°C. However, in order to understand better the effect of metal ions on the total process consisting of pyrolysis and subsequent chemisorption and oxidation of wood char, it was necessary to carry out pyrolysis, isothermal chemisorption and oxidation reactions in a single experiment. A typical overall pyrolysis, isothermal chemisorption (140°C) and oxidation curve is shown in Figure 2. The temperature program is (1) heat from 25° to 500°C at 5°C/min, (2) cool at...

Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. In the experiments, about 2 mg of sample was pyrolyzed at 900°C in flowing helium using a Chemical Data System (CDS) Platinum Coil Pyrolysis Probe controlled by a CDS Model 122 Pyroprobe in normal mode. Products were separated on a 12 meter fused capillary column with a cross-linked poly (dimethylsilicone) stationary phase. The GC column was temperature programmed from -50 to 300°C. Individual compounds were identified with a Hewlett Packard (HP) Model 5995C low resolution quadruple GC/MS System. Data acquisition and reduction were performed on the HP 100 E-series computer running revision E RTE-6/VM software. 

Chomet, E. 2001. Biomass to hydrogen via fast pyrolysis and catalytic steam reforming. Proceedings of the 2001 USA. DOE Hydrogen Program Review (NREL/CP 570-30535). 

Temperature-programmed vacuum pyrolysis in combination with time-resolved soft ionization mass spectrometry allows principally to distinguish between two devolatilization steps of coal which are related to the mobile and non-mobile phase, respectively. The mass spectrometric detection of almost exclusively molecular ions of the thermally extracted or degraded coal products enables one to study the change of molecular weight distribution as a function of devolatilization temperature. Moreover, major coal components can be identified which are released at distinct temperature intervals. 

In the US, the plan for 2010 is to develop and demonstrate technology to supply purified hydrogen for PEMFC from biomass at US 2.60/kg at the plant gate (projected to a commercial scale 75,000 kg/day). The objective is to be competitive with gasoline by 2015. There is also a Hydrogen Production from Biomass program" funded at US 1.2 million, which includes pyrolysis, gasification and fermentation. 

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