Sulfide, antimony, 53 cadmium

The principal constituents of the paniculate matter are lead/zinc and iron oxides, but oxides of metals such as arsenic, antimony, cadmium, copper, and mercury are also present, along with metallic sulfates. Dust from raw materials handling contains metals, mainly in sulfidic form, although chlorides, fluorides, and metals in other chemical forms may be present. Off-gases contain fine dust panicles and volatile impurities such as arsenic, fluorine, and mercury. 

Copper smelting Copper concentrate, siliceous flux Sulfur dioxide, particulate matter containing arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead, mercury, and zinc Acid plant blowdown slurry/sludge, slag containing iron sulfides, silica... 

Sulfides antimony, arsenic, cadmium (sulfides and selenides), copper, iron, lead, mercury, tin and zinc. 

Antimony tris(isooctylthioglycolate) has found use in pipe formulations at low levels. Its disadvantage is that it cross-stains with sulfide-based tin stabilizers (122). Barium—zinc stabilizers have found use in plasticized compounds, replacing barium—cadmium stabilizers. These are used in mol dings, profiles, and wire coatings. Cadmium use has decreased because of environmental concerns surrounding certain heavy metals. 

Zinc (76ppm of the earth s crust) is about as abundant as rubidium (78 ppm) and slightly more abundant than copper (68 ppm). Cadmium (0.16 ppm) is similar to antimony (0.2 ppm) it is twice as abundant as mercury (0.08 ppm), which is itself as abundant as silver (0.08 ppm) and close to selenium (0.05 ppm). These elements are chalcophiles (p. 648) and so, in the reducing atmosphere prevailing when the earth s crust solidified, they separated out in the sulfide phase, and their most important ores are therefore sulfides. Subsequently, as rocks were weathered, zinc was leached out to be precipitated as carbonate, silicate or phosphate. 

Copper sulfide explodes with concentrated chloric acid solution (and also with cadmium, magnesium or zinc chlorates). Antimony trisulfide or arsenic trisulfide, or tin(II) and (IV) sulfides react incandescently with concentrated solutions. 

Intimate mixtures of chlorates, bromates or iodates of barium, cadmium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium or zinc, with finely divided aluminium, arsenic, copper carbon, phosphorus, sulfur hydrides of alkali- and alkaline earth-metals sulfides of antimony, arsenic, copper or tin metal cyanides, thiocyanates or impure manganese dioxide may react violently or explosively, either spontaneously (especially in presence of moisture) or on initiation by heat, friction, impact, sparks or addition of sulfuric acid [1], Mixtures of sodium or potassium chlorate with sulfur or phosphorus are rated as being exceptionally dangerous on frictional initiation. 

Hydrogen sulfide forms precipitates of several metal sulfides when passed through an aqueous solution of metal salts. Under acid conditions, several metals including arsenic, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, and tin are precipitated as their sulfide e.g. ... 

The most important raw materials for the production of non-ferrous metals, such as copper, lead, zinc, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, antimony and cadmium, are the sulfide minerals. The use of collectors containing various thio-type functional groups has proved to be the most successful in the flotation of these minerals. Some of these compounds are shown in Table 1. 

Chlorates. Antimony sulfide reacts with incandescence with chlorates of cadmium, magnesium, or zinc.7... 

Aside from these three classes (species with unfilled inner subshells, with unpaired electrons, or with two different oxidation states of the same element), there are a number of colored inorganic substances about which generalizations may be set up only with difficulty. Among these are many of the elementary nonmetals, a large number of covalent salts (such as mercuric iodide, cadmium sulfide, silver phosphate and lithium nitride), a number of nonmetal halides (iodine monochloride, selenium tetrachloride, antimony tri-iodide, etc.), and the colored ions, chromate, permanganate, and Ce(H20) v, whose central atoms presumably have rare-gas structures. 

Hence, mine wastes, tailings, and smelting byproducts can contain a wide variety of minerals, including minerals that are bioreactive (such as acid-generating sulfides and evaporative sulfate salts), minerals that contain potentially bioaccessible heavy metals and metalloids (lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, zinc, copper, nickel, uranium, molybdenum, antimony, etc.), and minerals that are biodurable (such as quartz and, in some deposit types, asbestiform silicates). 

Bismuth ranks 64th in abundance among the elements in the earth s crust like antimony and cadmium, its abundance is estimated to be 0.17 to 0.2 ppm. Most bismuth sulfides occur associated with lead, copper and silver. A few deposits in which bismuth is a major mineral are also known . ... 

Quantum detectors are usually made of semiconductor materials or mixtures. Some commonly used quantum detectors are made of lead sulfide (PbS), lead selenide (PbSe), indium antimony (InSb), or mercury cadmium telluride (MCT, HgTe-CdTe). The absorption of infrared radiation in quantum detectors excites electrons... 

Numerous laboratory experiments attest to the feasibility of biogenic formation of sulfides from metals other than iron. Miller (1950b), using sulfate-reducing bacteria, demonstrated the formation of sulfides of antimony, bismuth, cobalt, cadmium, nickel, lead, zinc and iron. Baas Becking and Moore... 

The alkaline earth group as a whole stands in marked contrast to transition metals and post-transition metals. For example, most of the metals in the periodic table form insoluble precipitates with the sulfide ion (S2), with the result that sulfide ores of transition and post-transition metals are very common in Earths crust. Common examples of metal sulfides include galena (lead sulfide), cinnabar (mercury sulfide), gree-nockite (cadmium sulfide), acanthite (silver sulfide), cobaltite (cobalt arsenic sulfide), sphalerite (ZnS), stibnite (antimony sulfide), several copper sulfides, orpiment and realgar (both forms of arsenic sulfide), and pyrite (iron sulfide). None of the alkaline earths, however, are found as sulfides. 

Antimony lead oxide (SbzPbsOs) Diantimony trilead octaoxide EINECS 236-845-9 Lead antimonate Lead antimonate(V) Naples yellow Paris yellow. An orange-yellow pigment, A mixture of this material with carbonate and chromate of lead is also sold under this name. Cadmium sulfide, CPS, and a pale yellow ocher have been identified by this term used to stain glass, crockery and porcelain. Insoluble in H2O. 

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