Sugar beet/cane

Beet sugar comes from sugar beets. Cane sugar comes from sugarcane. After these two sugars are purified (refined), there is no chemical difference. 

Table 19.3. World production of sugar (beet/cane)...

Crop year Total sugar Beet sugar Cane sugar ... 

When propedy manufactured, cane and beet sugars are identical in physical, chemical, electric, and thermodynamic properties (see Sugar, beet sugar Sugar, cane sugar). 

Composition. Molasses composition depends on several factors, eg, locality, variety, sod, climate, and processing. Cane molasses is generally at pH 5.5—6.5 and contains 30—40 wt % sucrose and 15—20 wt % reducing sugars. Beet molasses is ca 7.5—8.6 pH, and contains ca 50—60 wt % sucrose, a trace of reducing sugars, and 0.5—2.0 wt % raffinose. Cane molasses contains less ash, less nitrogenous material, but considerably more vitamins than beet molasses. Composition of selected molasses products is Hsted in Table 7. Procedures for molasses analysis are avadable (59). 

Rum. Rum is a distikate from the fermented juice of sugar cane, sugar cane symp, molasses, sugar beets, or other by-products distiked at less than 190° proof in such a manner that it possesses the taste, aroma, and characteristics generaky attributed to mm. It is bottled at not less than 80° proof. 

In production of sugar, the juice extracted from the sugar cane or sugar beets is treated with a suspension of Ca(OH)2, which neutralizes the symp acidity and precipitates calcium sucrate, leaving impurities ia the solution. This is filtered and the calcium sucrate is converted to sugar and CaCO by reaction with CO2. 

Sucrose [57-50-1/, 0 2 22, obtained from cane or sugar beets, was historically used as the primary sweetener for carbonated beverages. In the presence of acids, sucrose is hydrolyzed to fmctose [57-48-7] and dextrose (D-glucose) [50-99-7] the mixture is called invert sugar. The... 

Fuller s earth, oil filter, raw. 35-40 B27 Sugar, raw, cane, or beet 55-65 B36Z5... 

The most familiar of all the carbohydrates is sucrose—common table sugar. Sucrose is a disacchar ide in which D-glucose and D-fructose are joined at then anomeric carbons by a glycosidic bond (Figure 25.7). Its chemical composition is the same ine-spective of its source sucrose from cane and sucrose from sugar beets are chemically identical. Because sucrose does not have a free anomeric hydroxyl group, it does not undergo mutarotation. 

One of the more recent innovative approaches was to look for new micro-organisms and novel carbohydrate substrates. The early fermentations used sugar beet or cane molasses, various syrups, sweet potato starch or glucose itself and the micro-organism was always an Aspergillus spp. In the early 1930 s it was found that yeasts would produce dtric add from acetate. Since then a variety of yeasts, prindpally Candida spp., has been shown to convert glucose, w-alkanes or ethanol to dtric add with great effidency. 

Outlines of the typical unit processes for the manufacture of sugar from sugar beet and sugar cane are illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, and a glossary of trade and... 

Some disaccharides serve as soluble energy sources for animals and plants, whereas others are important because they are intermediates in the decomposition of polysaccharides. A major energy source for humans is sucrose, which is common table sugar. Sucrose contains a-glucose linked to j6-fructose. About 80 million tons of sucrose are produced each year. Of that, 60% comes from sugar cane and 40% comes from sugar beets. Example treats a disaccharide that is an energy source for insects. 

Pure honeys are comparatively costly. Some beekeepers may imlawfully use sweeteners to feed bees to increase honey sweetness. Another unlawful act is to directly add sugars into honey products. Some sweeteners that have been used include acid / inverted sugar syrups, com syrups, maple syrup, cane sugar, beet sugar, and molasses. 

Manganese deficiency occurs principally in soils with a high pH or calcareous soils since Mn in these soils is mostly present in insoluble oxides. Manganese deficiency has been found for more than 20 crops including oats, rye, wheat, rice, maize, peas, soy beans, potatoes, cotton, tobacco, sugar beets, tea, sugar-cane, pineapples, pecans, peaches, spinach, citrus, and a number of forest trees (Table 7.8) (Sillanpaa, 1982). The critical DTPA-extractable Mn for Mn deficiency has been suggested to be 1.6-3.9 mg/kg, and soils with up to 5.2-6.5 mg/kg DTPA-extractable Mn has been considered to indicate susceptibility (Sillanpaa, 1982). 

Table 9 Specifications for some brown sugars produced by British Sugar these products are made by adding cane sugar molasses to white sugar produced from sugar beet brown sugars can be made by partially refining cane sugar but not by partially refining beet sugar...

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