Honey production

As pesticides are applied, large numbers of honey bees and wild bees are poisoned resulting in not only a diminished honey crop, but perhaps more important, reduced crop pollination that is vital to agricultural production (51). The estimated yearly cost of reduced pollination and reduced honey production is about 230 million (Pimentel, D., in manuscript). 

Common honey processing treatments are heat-assisted filtration and centrifugation. Some honey products might be mislabeled such as "harvested in the cold," as honey is naturally harvested between 25 and 35 °C,... 

Pure honeys are comparatively costly. Some beekeepers may imlawfully use sweeteners to feed bees to increase honey sweetness. Another unlawful act is to directly add sugars into honey products. Some sweeteners that have been used include acid / inverted sugar syrups, com syrups, maple syrup, cane sugar, beet sugar, and molasses. 

Pollen analysis in combination with other techniques is still an effective tool for the authentication of the botanical origin of honey (Persano Oddo et ah, 1995 Von der Ohe et ah, 2004). It can distinguish polyfloral and different types of unifloral honeys (Mateo and Bosch-Reig, 1998). It can also indicate the percentages of different nectar contributions in honey products. A polymerase chain reaction technique and an... 

Martin, P., Sharman, M., and Scotter, C. N. G. (1998). Honey-product definition and manufacturing processes. In "Food Authenticity-Issues and Methodologies", (M. Lees, Ed.), pp. 169-182. Eurofin Scientific, Nantes, France. 

Fed sucrose syrup for 7-8.5 weeks At 100 mg/kg, survival was lower and honey production 5... 

SWEETENERS. Drawings in Egyptian tombs depicting beekeeping practices and honey production attest that the demand for sweet-tasting... 

The protein content of honey is usually around 0.2% (Anklam, 1998 Iurlina and Fritz, 2005). A small portion of this fraction consists of enzymes, notably invertase, diastase, amylase, glucose oxidase, catalase (Anklam, 1998), a-glucosidase, and p-glucosidase (Won et al., 2008). Some are derived from bees, whereas others come from the nectar. Enzyme activity varies among honey samples since the amount of bee saliva, the source of bee enzymes, found in honey varies with the conditions of honey production (Anklam, 1998). 

Production gains in arable crops mask economic damage to other industries, such as marine fisheries and honey production... 

Rinderer, T.E. and Baxter, J.R. (1978). Effect of empty comb on hoarding behavior and honey production of the honey bee. /. Econ. Entomol. 71,435 38. 

Honey Product of the hive produced by the bees through a process of the fermentation of nectar. 

Beekeeping. The process of keeping bees requires an understanding of the biology of bees and the instinctual behaviors they exhibit within their colony. The colony s ability for honey production, fecundity (potential for reproduction), and the tendency to swarm, are also factors that must be managed by the beekeeper to maintain the viability of the colony. The beekeeper must become aware of the environmental... 

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