Maple syrup

Maple butter Maple cream Maple sugar Maple syrup... 

Table 6. Production, Imports, Exports, and Price of Maple Syrup in the United States ...

Natural rubber is harvested as latex by tapping trees in a manner similar to maple syrup. Tree latex contains about 35 wt% rubber solids, as well as small quantities of carbohydrates, resins, mineral salts and fatty acids. Ammonia should be immediately added to the latex to avoid coagulation by these other ingredients and to prevent bacterial degradation. After collection, the latex can be concentrated to 60-70% solids if the latex product is required for end-use. Otherwise, the latex is coagulated, washed, dried, and pressed into bales for use as dry rubber. 

E. Podehrad, M. Heil, S. Leih, B. Geier, T. Beck, A. Mosandl, A. C. Sewell and H. Bohles, Analytical approach in diagnosis of inherited metabolic diseases maple syrup urine disease (MSUD)-simultaneous analysis of metabolites in urine by enantioselective multidimensional capillary gas chromatography-mass specti ometiy (enantio-MDGC-MS) , 7. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 20 355-362(1997). 

Collecting maple sap and converting it to maple syrup utilize many of the chemical principles found in this chapter. 

The collection of maple sap and its conversion to syrup or sugar illustrate many of the principles covered in this chapter. Moreover, in northern New England, making maple syrup is an interesting way to spend the month of March (Figure A), which separates midwinter from "mud season."... 

If you want to make your own maple syrup on a small scale, perhaps 10 to 20 L per season, there are a few principles to keep in mind. 

Make sure the trees you tap are maples hemlocks would be a particularly poor choice. Identify the trees to be tapped in the fall, before the leaves fall. If possible, select sugar maples, which produce about one liter of maple syrup per tree per season. Other types of maples are less productive. 

It takes 20 to 40 L of sap to yield one liter of maple syrup. To remove the water, you could freeze the sap, as the Native Americans did 300 years ago. The ice that forms is pure water by discarding it, you increase the concentration of sugar in the remaining solution. Large-scale operators today use reverse osmosis to remove about half of the water. The remainder must be boiled off. The characteristic flavor of maple syrup is caused by compounds formed on heating, such as... 

When the concentration of sugar reaches 66%, you are at the maple syrup stage. The calculated boiling point elevation (660 g of sugar, 340 g of water)... 

Assume that 30 L of maple sap yields one kilogram of maple syrup (66% sucrose, C12H22Ou). What is the molality of the sucrose solution after one fourth of the water content of the sap has been removed ... 

What is the freezing point of maple syrup (66% sucrose) Sucrose is Ci2H220 . 

Main-group elements, 153t Malleability The ability to be shaped, as by pounding with a hammer characteristic of metals, 244 Maltose, 618-619 Manometer, 104 Maple syrup, 277-278 Mass An extensive property reflecting the amount of matter in a sample, 7. See also Amount, critical, 525... 

Osmotic pressure The pressure that must be applied to a solution to prevent osmosis, 271-273 cucumbers, 273 maple syrup, 277-278 prunes, 273 Ostwald, Wilhelm, 86 Overall order, 290 Oxalate ion, 411 Oxalic acid, 277... 

Mr. Boulud s winter cocktail menu, introduced on Monday at his signature restaurant, Daniel, on East 65th Street, includes Juniper and Berries, a warm apple-cider-like drink with gin, creme de cassis and maple syrup. (Coincidentally, the Clinton Bakery on the Lower East Side is also serving a warm apple and maple drink, without liquor. Throw some gin into it, guys )... 

As the name implies, the odor of urine in maple syrup urine disease (brancbed-chain ketonuria) suggests maple symp or burnt sugar. The biochemical defect involves the a-keto acid decarboxylase complex (reaction 2, Figure 30-19). Plasma and urinary levels of leucine, isoleucine, valine, a-keto acids, and a-hydroxy acids (reduced a-keto acids) are elevated. The mechanism of toxicity is unknown. Early diagnosis, especially prior to 1 week of age, employs enzymatic analysis. Prompt replacement of dietary protein by an amino acid mixture that lacks leucine, isoleucine, and valine averts brain damage and early mortality. 

The catabolism of leucine, valine, and isoleucine presents many analogies to fatty acid catabolism. Metabolic disorders of branched-chain amino acid catabolism include hypervalinemia, maple syrup urine disease, intermittent branched-chain ketonuria, isovaleric acidemia, and methylmalonic aciduria. 

Dancis, J. "Maple Syrup Urine Disease", in "Antenatal Diagnosis", ed. A. Dorfmn, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1972, 123-125. 

Pure honeys are comparatively costly. Some beekeepers may imlawfully use sweeteners to feed bees to increase honey sweetness. Another unlawful act is to directly add sugars into honey products. Some sweeteners that have been used include acid / inverted sugar syrups, com syrups, maple syrup, cane sugar, beet sugar, and molasses. 

Mix the first 5 ingredients together to make a batter. Heat the oil. Dip the blossom clusters into the batter and then fry them in the hot oil 3 to 5 minutes. Drain on paper towels. Enjoy the elder fritters drizzled with some maple syrup, honey or yogurt. They can also be enjoyed plain. 

Sift together dry ingredients. Add eggs and liquid. Stir in elder flowers or berries. Mix together. Fry in an oiled pan, turning when bubbles form and then break. Turn and fry on the other side until cooked through. Serve with maple syrup or elderberry sauce. 

DISORDERS OF BRANCHED-CHAIN AMINO ACIDS MAPLE SYRUP URINE DISEASE 671... 

Maple syrup urine disease involves a congenital failure to oxidize the three branched-chain amino acids 671... 

Effective treatment of maple syrup urine disease involves the restriction of dietary branched-chain amino acids 672... 

Imbalances of brain amino acids may hinder the synthesis of brain lipids, leading to a diminution in the rate of myelin formation. Decreases of lipids, proteolipids and cerebrosides (Ch. 3) have been noted in several of these syndromes, e.g. maple syrup urine disease, when intra-myelinic edema is a prominent finding, particularly during the acute phase of metabolic decompensation [9]. Pathological changes in brain myelin are common, especially in infants who die early in life. The fundamental... 

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