Nitrogen materials

Ammonia may be estimated by dissolving the gas in a known volume of standard acid and then back-titrating the excess acid. In a method widely used for the determination of basic nitrogen in organic substances (the Kjeldahl method), the nitrogenous material is converted into ammonium sulphate by heating with concentrated sulphuric acid. The ammonia is then driven off by the action of alkali and absorbed in standard acid. 

Quality Specifications. Because of the extreme sensitivity of polyamide synthesis to impurities ia the iagredients (eg, for molecular-weight control, dye receptivity), adipic acid is one of the purest materials produced on a large scale. In addition to food-additive and polyamide specifications, other special requirements arise from the variety of other appHcations. Table 8 summarizes the more important specifications. Typical impurities iaclude monobasic acids arising from the air oxidation step ia synthesis, and lower dibasic acids and nitrogenous materials from the nitric acid oxidation step. Trace metals, water, color, and oils round out the usual specification Hsts. 

Nitrogen in Multinutrient Fertilizers. Single-nutrient nitrogen materials suppHed over 85% of the fertilizer nitrogen used in the United States during the year ended June 30, 1990. The remaining 15% was suppHed as multinutrient materials (Fig. 3). This included 9% as ammonium phosphate, 2% as cogranulated mixtures, and 3% as fluid mixtures. 

Composition. Molasses composition depends on several factors, eg, locality, variety, sod, climate, and processing. Cane molasses is generally at pH 5.5—6.5 and contains 30—40 wt % sucrose and 15—20 wt % reducing sugars. Beet molasses is ca 7.5—8.6 pH, and contains ca 50—60 wt % sucrose, a trace of reducing sugars, and 0.5—2.0 wt % raffinose. Cane molasses contains less ash, less nitrogenous material, but considerably more vitamins than beet molasses. Composition of selected molasses products is Hsted in Table 7. Procedures for molasses analysis are avadable (59). 

The first amination of a halogenopyridine involving a rearrangement was carried out by Levine and Leake in 1955 in an attempt to prepare 3-phenacylpyridine. When 3-bromopyridine (27, X = Br) was allowed to react with sodium amide in liquid ammonia in the presence of sodio-acetophenone, the reaction mixture obtained consisted chiefly of amorphous nitrogenous material from which only 10% of 4-aminopyridine (34, Y = NH2) and 13.5% of 4-phenacylpyridine were isolated. 

Fi-Clor 60S , Brochure NH/FS/67.4, Loughborough, Fisons, 1967 This compound (sodium dichloroisocyanurate), used in chlorination of swimming pools, is a powerful oxidant and indiscriminate contact with combustible materials must be avoided. Ammonium salts and other nitrogenous materials are incompatible in formulated products. The dibromo analogue, used for the same purpose, will behave similarly. 

A dry mixture exploded after heating, probably owing to formation of nitrogen trichloride. Other chlorinating agents will react similarly with nitrogenous materials. 

New high-nitrogen materials with 3-amino-6-nitroamino-tetrazine (ANAT) as the anion have been synthesized and their properties studied <06CC4007>. 

A widely used group of industrial oxidants which has been involved in numerous incidents, some with nitrogenous materials leading to formation of nitrogen trichloride. 

Production of nitrogenous material from the decomposition of phytoplankton in aerated waters stored in the dark. Source From Horne, R. A. (1979). Marine Chemistry. John Wiley Sons, Inc.,... 

A 3 1 molar ratio of ammonia and carbon dioxide (excess ammonia) are heated in the autoclave for 2 hr at 190°C, and 1500-3000 psi. The mixture formed is approximately 35% urea, 8% ammonium carbamate, 10% water, and 47% ammonia. It is cooled and the ammonia is distilled at 60 °C. The residue from the ammonia still enters a crystallizer at 15°C. More ammonia is removed by vacuum. The resulting slurry is centrifuged to get solid urea. All excess nitrogenous materials from the liquid are combined and processed into liquid fertilizer, which contains a mixture of all these materials. 

Protocol 4.2 Shock-cooling into liquid nitrogen Materials... 

In view of the interest attached to an explanation of the mechanism of their origin from inorganic nitrogenous material, the phytochemical reduction of nitro compounds was investigated. 

Dr. Spademan s point that only about 20% of the cells of woody tissue contain protoplasm and therefore amino acids, does not preclude the above hypothesis. In fact, this amount of nitrogenous material would be more than ample to account for the small percentage of nitrogen found in coal. 

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