Subjective approach

A more subjective approach to the multiresponse optimization of conventional experimental designs was outlined by Derringer and Suich (22). This sequential generation technique weights the responses by means of desirability factors to reduce the multivariate problem to a univariate one which could then be solved by iterative optimization techniques. The use of desirability factors permits the formulator to input the range of property values considered acceptable for each response. The optimization procedure then attempts to determine an optimal point within the acceptable limits of all responses. 

While this subjective approach was perfectly justifiable for a small experimental analysis, it could play no part in the large analysis contemplated for which all decisions had to be made in an automatic blackbox fashion. We dealt with this problem by writing a piece of software that automatically cut out the innermost parts of rotation curves that were judged, according to objectively defined statistical criteria, to be unusually affected by the presence of the bulge. The effectiveness of this process was tested by means completely independent of the present considerations. 

The tools available to search the chemical literature are good. We know they are. And so we proceed with reasonable assurance that we will trace some of the references relating to our problem and that we won t miss too much pertinent information. We preface the report of search results with a list of tools used and may state that in so far as these tools cover the literature, the search was exhaustive. In certain cases, we may even consider it desirable to specify the subject approach used for particular tools. In so doing we recognize the shortcomings of available tools in the subject control of published literature. Much that is published is not indexed in available indexing and abstracting periodicals some of the published literature which is indexed may be missed because of differences in subject approaches. 

In the absence, at the present time, of any subject indexing of the current issues of chemical abstracting journals of the world, Chemisches ZerUralblatf Das System is the first device providing a unilateral subject approach to the weekly issues of Chemisches Zentralblatt. Published in 1958, Das System (4) is a listing of 8662 "system numbers" allotted to chemical subject terms since the sequence of abstracts in each weekly issue of the journal is numerical, one may determine—by looking up pertinent system numbers—whether that issue carries any abstracts of... 

This distortion of the author s viewpoint is sometimes observed in abstracts, where introduction of a subjective approach may not affect the facts but is likely to upset the balance of their presentation. 

Make your descriptions vivid. By using clear, precise words, you can improve any kind of writing. Chapters 7 (on words) and 6 (on sentences) offer a variety of tips on clarifying your prose style. In addition to the advice given there, here are two other ways to enliven your descriptions, particularly those that call for a subjective approach ... 

Retention time of an analyte in a given column depends on the analyte structure and on chromatographic conditions. Experienced chromatographers can estimate, for simple compounds, their comparative retention in a GC column, as well as the effect on retention of flow and temperature changes. Since the error is too high, this subjective approach cannot be used for identification purposes. 

Subjective approaches to uncertainty are common in many existing methods and can sometimes lead to quite useful... 

The fourth axiom refers to a conditional probability, so that P(BlA) should be read as the probability of B, given A has occurred. In fact this idea is central to the modern interpretation which is that all probabilities are conditional. The subjective approach allows a personal assessment of a probability by a decision maker in solving a decision problem. The probability is then interpreted as P(AlB n X) where B is an event which has occurred and X represents the personal experience and knowledge of the decision maker. Another decision maker s estimate of the same problem would be P(AlB n y), and may be a different number altogether. 

Prior probabilities are inserted on the right hand side of the equation and an updated or posterior probability results. The subjective approach to probability... 

Here, I provide a brief review of the methods developed in constructing RSDI. The point here is not to decide which approach techniques to use or to say which approach appears to be the best combinations of the indicators and weights or to say that the objective approaches are in some way meaningful methods or better than subjective approaches. Rather, to show the differences (uncertainty) of these RSDI results from all approaches. There are some special statistical tools used to measure the uncertainty and sensitivity of the input data in contribution to the output variance, for example the uncertainties analysis method (UA) and sensitivity analysis (SA) a review of these methods is available in Saisana et al. (2005). Due to the small sample size and the nature of data used in this study, a simple method in comparing the RSDI approaches and results is presented in Table 5.6 and Figure 5.9. 

Visual inspection on a computer screen is a widespread approach to recognizing the occurrence of systematic structural patterns in proteins [1,2]. However, there is an unavoidable bias in this rather subjective approach to assess molecular shape. On the other hand, numerical or algebraic descriptors provide an alternative description, which is more objective, since the computation of the shape descriptors can be done, in principle, in an automated way. 

Qualitative With the help of the risk matrix discussed in Clause 3.0 of Chapter 1, it is possible to carry out rapid risk assessment. However, this is very project specific. Also here the numerical scale is not used. In this approach, cumulative risk assessment is very difficult. These are subjective approaches. 

Se rum insulin studies21 have led to the conclusion that an abnormal insulin secretion or utilization may precede obesity, In another study,22 the high blood levels of insulin-like activity found in obese subjects are reduced to normal limits when the subjects approached their ideal weight. 

Lea Brilmayer provides a similar criticism of the subjective approach in the context of the decisions made by a group concerning their status and self-determination in Secession and Self-Determination A Territorial Interpretation, 177-202 in Yale Journal of International Law 16(177), 1991, p. 177). 

Berry, T. D. and Geller, E. S., A single-subject approach to evaluating vehicle safety belt reminders back to basics,. Appl. Beh. Anal. 24,13,1991. 

There has been a move towards more molecular based assessment of gut microflora changes in response to probiotics and prebiotics. This applies to laboratory, model and human studies. The research has been driven by the subjective approach of conventional culture-based microbiology, as well as the extremely complex community structure of the gut. Examples are given below. 

Macroinvertebrates such as chironomid larvae have been used as integral parts of freshwater monitoring systems by the Ohio EPA since 1973 (7). The principal chironomid-based measurement of macroinvertebrate integrity is the Invertebrate Community Index (ICI) 8). The ICI considers the status of a total of 150 different chironomid species commonly found in North American streams and was developed in a fashion similar to that used for the more broadly based Index of Biotic Integrity (IBl) (P). These standardized systems have avoided many of the complications encountered with more subjective approaches (i). 

It is difficult to quantify the costs and benefits of each RCO for each of the identified stakeholders. A more subjective approach may be needed to express the preference of one RCO over the others. 

Human reliability can be considered in the FSA methodology, however, quantification may be impractical due to the lack of human reliability data associated with maritime tasks. As such there is a need to address this problem using a formal subjective approach. 

Claims Commission, when considering the shooting of a French citizen by Mexican soldiers, applied the objective test and held the Mexican Republic responsible to maker reparation to France. The subjective approach involving an enquiry into negligence has been applied in the case of damage caused to one State by the rebels of another State as a result of a tax imposed by a third State where there was found to be no fault on the part of the third State." ... 

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