Phragmites australis

Bragato, C., Brix, H., and Malagoli, M., Accumulation of nutrients and heavy metals in Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trim ex Steudel and Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla in a constructed wetland of the Venice lagoon watershed, Environmental Pollution, 144, 967-975, 2006. 

Vymazal, J., Svehla, J., Kropfelova, L., and Chrastny, V., Trace metals in Phragmites australis and Phalaris arundinacea growing in constructed and natural wetlands, Science of the Total Environment, 380 (1-3), 154-162, 2007. 

The plant species Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia were obtained from surface-sterilized seeds whereas Carex gracillis and Juncus glaucus were initiated from apical meristem. The seeds were treated by a... 

Armstrong J, Armstrong W, Beckett PM, Haider JE, Lythe S, Holt S, Sinclair A. 1996. Pathways of aeration and the mechanisms and beneficial effects of humidity- and Venturi-induced convections in Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Aquatic Botany 54 177-198. 

Armstrong W, Armstrong J, Beckett PM. 1990. Measurement and modelling of oxygen release from roots of Phragmites australis. In Cooper SC, Findlater BC, eds. The Use of Constructed Wetlands in Water Pollution Control. Oxford Pergamon, 41-52. 

Armstrong W, Cousins D, Armstrong J, Turner DW, Beckett PM. 2000. Oxygen distribution in wetland plant roots and permeability barriers to gas-exchange with the rhizosphere a microelectrode and modelling study with Phragmites australis. Annals of Botany 86 687-703. 

St-Cyr L, Crowder AA. 1990. Manganese and copper in the root plaque of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel. Soil Science 149 191-198. 

Fossen, T. and Andersen, 0.M., Cyanidin 3-0-(6"-succinyl-p-glucopyranoside) and other anthocyanins from Phragmites australis. Phytochemistry, 49, 1065, 1998. 

Phragmites australis (Gram.) Phragmites australis (Gram.) Cucumis sativus (Cucurb.) Passiflora biflora (Pass.)... 

Glycosides Aralia catechu, A. nudicaulis, A. racemosa, Paeonia officinalis, Phragmites australis, Salix alba, S. discolor... 

Eleutherocossus senticosus, Gelidium cartilagineum, Laminaria digitata, L. saccharine, L. longicruris, Lobelia pulmonaria, Panax ginseng, P. quinquefolium, Phragmites australis, Prunus mume, Urtica urens Populus tremuloides... 

Cassia angustifolia C. senna Lycopersicon esculentum Phragmites australis, Urtica urens... 

Ananas comosus, Eucalyptus citriodora, E. globulus, Matteuccia struthiopteris, Phragmites australis, Spiraea ulmaria, Styrax benzoin, Tilia cordata, T europaea Centella asiatica... 

Xu S, Leri AC, Myneni SCB, Jeffe PR (2004) Uptake of Bromide by Two Wetland Plants (Typha latifolia L. and Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud). Environ Sci Technol 38 5642... 

Windham, L., J.S. Weis, and P. Weis. 2003. Uptake and distribution of metals in two dominant salt marsh macrophytes, Spartina alterniflora (cordgrass) and Phragmites australis (common reed). Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 56 63-72. 

Asian clam, Potamocorbula amurensis, in 1987 (Carlton et al., 1990). The invasive Asian Date mussel, Musculista senhousia, has invaded the west coast of the United States altering community dynamics, and has now spread to Western Australia, New Zealand, and the Mediterranean (Mistri, 2002). One of the more notable bivalve invasions, by the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), has proven to be as devastating and expansive across U.S. rivers, lakes, and estuaries as predicted in early studies (Strayer and Smith, 1993). For example, these mussels can filter a volume of water equivalent to the entire freshwater region of the Hudson River about every 2 d this has dramatically altered the total suspended load and the phytoplankton community (Roditi et al., 1996). Similarly, invasion of wetland plant species, such as Phragmites australis, has resulted in displacement of dominant marsh Spartina spp. along the eastern U.S. coast (see more in chapter 8) (Chambers et al., 2003). 

Chambers, R.M., Osgood, D.T., Bart, D.J., and Montalto, F. (2003) Phragmites australis invasion and expansion in tidal wetlands interactions among salinity, sulfide, and hydrology. Estuaries 26, 398 -06. 

Meyerson, L.A., Saltonstall, K., Windham, L., Kiviat, E., and Findlay, S.E.G. (2000) A comparison of Phragmites australis in freshwater and brackish marsh environments in North America. Wetlands Ecol. Manag. 8, 89-103. 

Ravit, B., Ehrenfield, J.G, and Haggblom, M.M. (2003) A comparison of sediment microbial communities associated with Phragmites australis and Spartina altemiflora in two brackish wetlands of New Jersey. Estuaries 26, 465 174. 

Rice, D., Rooth, J., and Stevenson, J.C. (2000) Colonization and expansion of Phragmites australis in upper Chesapeake Bay tidal marshes. Wetlands 20, 280-299. 

Rooth, J.E., Stevenson, J.C., and Cornwell, J.C. (2003) Increased sediment accretion rates following invasion by Phragmites australis the role of litter. Estuaries 26, 475-483. 

Findlay, S. E. G., Dye, S. Kuehn, K. A. (2002a). Microbial growth and nitrogen retention in litter of Phragmites australis compared to Typha angustifolia. Wetlands, 22, 616-25. 

Gessner, M. O. (2001). Mass loss, fungal colonisation and nutrient dynamics of Phragmites australis leaves during senescence and early decay in a standing position. Aquatic Botany, 69, 325-39. 

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