Stroke, cause

Clinical diagnosis of ischemic stroke causing a measurable neurologic deficit... 

Over the years, we have learned a great deal about the functions of each of these structures. This knowledge has come about in several ways. First, we can look at the effect of disease or injury in a particular part of the brain. For example, if a stroke causes paralysis, then we can assume that the injured part of the brain was responsible for movement of the paralyzed body parts. Likewise, if an injury results in certain personality changes, then we can assume that the injured part of the brain contributed to those behavioral alterations. One of the best-known examples is the effect of a stroke upon mood. It is well known that a stroke to the left frontal area of the brain dramatically increases the likelihood of depression. On the other hand. 

Heat prostration Heat prostration can occur with anticholinergic drug use (fever and heat stroke caused by decreased sweating) in the presence of a high environmental temperature. 

Stroke is a major public health challenge, not only for neuropharmacology, but for the society in general. Stroke causes physical and psychological suffering for patients and their family, increased hospitalization burden, and premature death. Every year, there are 500,000 new stroke victims in the United States, and as many in Europe. Stroke is the third leading cause of death and can occur in young subjects under 55 years of age (estimated incidence = 34/100,000), especially in men. In the United States... 

A 2001 study demonstrated a potential new therapeutic role for dextroamphetamine. The study indicated that it may help some stroke survivors recover faster from the stroke-caused speech disorder known as aphasia. Officially, however, amphetamine has been approved only for the treatment of narcolepsy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and obesity. 

Potential harmful side effects associated with ephedra include nervousness, irritability, headaches, insomnia, palpitations, depression, and paranoia. Other possible side effects are hypertension and rapid heartbeat. Ephedra users also face an increased risk of seizures, heart attack, and stroke. A heart attack or stroke caused by ephedra can result in death. 

PCP can cause extremely high blood pressure combined with blood vessel contractions. This can increase the risk of stroke. One study suggests that chronic PCP use leads to brain damage, evidenced by memory gaps, disorientation, visual disturbances, and difficulty with speech, which might be due to mini-strokes caused by the effects of PCP. 

Brain injury from stroke is a major public health problem in most industrialized countries in the world. For example, in the United States over 0.5 million cases of stroke occur annually, the incidence of stroke doubles approximately each decade over the age of 45 and occurs in up to 2% in those over 75. Frequently, stroke causes major disability with the patient having difficulty in communication, ambulation and movement, or in reasoning. Fortunately, the incidence and severity of stroke has been reduced in many countries by the introduction of preventative measures aimed at controlling hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, smoking and by the use of anticoagulants in high risk groups. 

Fig. 1.4. The proportions of first-ever-in-a-lifetime strokes caused by ischemic stroke (IS), primary intracerebral hemorrhage (RICH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and of undetermined cause (UND) in "ideal" incidence studies. Numbers indicate the percentage estimates (Sudlow and Warlow 1997).

It forms bubbles during the decompression stroke of the pump and, if not redissolved on the compression stroke, causes baseline noise, interferes with the separation in the column, and gives an error in the detector. 

Ticlopidine, a platelet aggregation inhibitor possessing antithrombotic effects (250 mg p.o. b.i.d.), is used to reduce the risk of thrombotic stroke in patients with a history of stroke or who have experienced stroke precursors (see also Figures 13 and 93). Ticlopidine, a thienopyridine derivative, and a new antiplatelet agent for secondary prevention of stroke, causes potent inhibition of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation and moderate inhibition... 

Kim DJ, Kim DI, Byun JS, Jung JY, Suh SH, Kim EY, Heo JH Intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy for hyperacute ischemic stroke caused by tandem occlusion. Cerebrovasc Dis 2008 26 pp. 184-189. 

Greer, D.M., P.W. Schaefer, and L.H. Schwamm, Unilateral temporal lobe stroke causing ischemic transient global amnesia role for diffusion-weighted imaging in the initial evaluation. J Neuroimaging, 2001. 11(3) p. 317-9. 

Nogueira RG, Schwamm LH, Buonanno FS et al. Low-pressure balloon angioplasty with adjuvant pharmacological therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by intracranial arterial occlusions. Neuroradiology. 2008 50 331-340... 

Half the epilepsy cases are secondary to trauma, brain anoxia, infection, lesions, or cerebrovascular disorder (CVA) [commonly referred to as a stroke]. Cause of the other half is unknown (idiophatic). Seventy-five percent of persons with seizures had their first seizure before 18 years of age. There are various... 

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