Streptomyces 5. orientalis

Streptomyces orientalis Vancomycin Streptomyces peucetius Daunorubicin... 

Vancomycin, ristocetin A and teicoplanin are produced as fermentation products of Streptomyces orientalis, Nocardia lurida and Actinoplanes teichomyceticus, respectively. All three of these related compounds consist of an aglycone basket made up of fused macrocyclic rings and pendant carbohydrate moieties (Fig. 2-1). The macrocycles contain both ether and peptide linkages. The aglycones of vancomycin and teicoplanin contain two chloro-substituted aromatic rings, while the analogous portion of ristocetin A contains no chloro substituents. 

Vancomycin Streptomyces orientalis Gram-positive bacteria Protein synthesis... 

Vancomycin Vancomycin (32.7.2) was isolated in 1956 from the products of the functional activity of actinomycetes Streptomyces orientalis (cnrrently Nocardia orientalis). Based on its chemical structure and contents, vancomycin is classified as a glycopeptide antibiotic. Its molecular mass is significantly more than practically any other used antibiotics [325-330]. 

Vancomycin (40) [85] is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is widely used in the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections (Fig. 19). It was discovered in a soil sample from the jungles of Borneo during a research program carried out by the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly in the mid-1950s. Streptomyces orientalis (later... 

Vancomycin (Vancocin) is a complex tricyclic glycopep-tide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces orientalis, while teicoplanin (Targocid) is derived from Actino-planes (Actinomyces) teichomyceticus. Teicoplanin has two major components a phosphoglycolipid (Aj) and five chlorine-containing glycopeptides (A2). It is available as an investigational drug. 

Pept verucopeptin Actinomadura verrucosospora, Bact. from the Philippines Sugawara 1993) vancomycin (Streptomyces orientalis, Actinom., Bact. from Borneo soil MI) caerulein-like (from Australian tree frog, Litoria splendida, and Hyla caerulea, Amphib. from W Australia Wabnitz 1999). 

Streptomyces nodosus Streptomyces verticillus Cephalosporium sp. Saccharopolyspora erythraea Micromonospora purpurea Aspergillus terreus Streptomyces fradiae Pencillium chrysogenum Streptomyces ambofaciens Streptomyces aureofaciens Streptomyces orientalis... 

An amphoteric glycopeptide antimicrobial substance produced by the growth of certain strains of Streptomyces orientalis. 

Vancomycin Streptomyces orientalis Clinical against severe infections... 

Vancomycin was discovered in the 1950s in a soil sample collected in the jungle of Borneo and isolated by Eli Lilly from culture broth of the actinomycete Streptomyces orientalis, which was later named Nocardia orientalis and finally Amycolatopsis orientalis. It was first used in clinics in 1959, and today also teicoplanin (O Fig. 25) is being used clinically. The other gly-copeptides of the vancomycin group such as ristocetin A (O Fig. 26) have too many toxic side effects to be used as a therapeutic. Vancomycin and teicoplanin are among the last antibiotics... 

Derivation Produced by Streptomyces orientalis from Indonesian and Indian soil. 

Lilly s contribution to the soil-derived antibiotic arsenal also extended to the discovery of vancomycin, from Streptomyces orientalis of Indian and Indonesian origins. This complex antibiotic was first introduced in 1956 and was valued for its marked effect on penicillin-resistant staphylococci. It has largely retained this superiority over these organisms and is now often the agent of last resort in patients who have contracted MRS A infections. 

As with reductomycin (59), reductiline (60) has been isolated from the fermentation broth of a variant of Streptomyces orientalis [122]. Its structure is related to reductomycin (59), the difference being that the acetoxydihydrofuran unit has been substituted by the N-(3-methylthiopropyl)pyrrole. Biogenetically, reductiline (60) could be considered to originate from reductiomycin (59) and methionine. The synthesis of reductiline (60) has been carried out from formylated (1-cyanopropanal dimethylacetal. After condensation of this aldehyde with... 

Streptomyces orientalis Vancomycin Streptomyces peucetlus Oaunorubicin... 

Vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic from a fermentation broth of the actinomycete Streptomyces orientalis, later renamed No-cardia orientalis and finally reclassified as Amycolatopsis orientalis. It exhibits lethal properties against all tested strains of Staphylococcus and other Gram-positive bacteria. Despite recent incidences of bacterial resistance to vancomycin, it became almost legendary because of its performance against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Vancomycin and the closely related teicoplanin are typically administered parenteraUy to treat... 

Vancomycin (mol. wt. about 1500) is a chlorinated polyphenyl ether antibiotic, having sugar and amino acid side-chains, and obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. For the molecular structure, see Sheldrick et al. (1978). It combines with the D-alanyl-D-alanine portion of the monomer awaiting polymerization to give new bacterial cell wall, and hence growing cells die by rupture of the plasma membrane (Anderson et al., 1965). This drug must be given intra-... 

Brigham RB, Pittenger RC (1956) Streptomyces orientalis, n. Sp, the source of vancomycin. Antibiot Chemother 6 642-647... 

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