Streptomyces ambofaciens

Spiramycin is a macrolide-antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces ambofaciens. It is used for the treatment and control of a number of bacterial and mycoplasmal infections in a variety of food-producing animals. Like tylosin, spiramycin has been used in many countries as a feed additive at low inclusion rates. It is available as spiramycin embonate for use in animal feed, and as the adipate for administration by parenteral routes. 

JK Epp, MLB Huber, JR Turner, T Goodson, and BE Schoner. Production of a hybrid macrolide antibiotic in Streptomyces ambofaciens and Streptomyces lividans by introduction of a cloned carbomycin biosynthetic gene from Streptomyces ther-motolerans. Gene 85 293-301, 1989. 

Azotomycin is anticancer antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ambofaciens. Total sythesis of it from y-benzyl-N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-L-glutamic acid (y-OBzi-N-Boc-L-Glu) has been accomplished in nine steps. The mixed carbonic anhydride method was chosen for peptide bond formation. Commerically available y-OBzi-N-Boc-L-Glu was esterified with ethereal diazomethane, deprotected with trifluoroacetic acid-methylene chloride (1 1), and converted to hydrochloride y-benzyl-L-glutamic acid a-methyl ester (y-OBzi-L-Glu-a-OMe HCI) by treatment with dry hydrogen chloride in ethyl ether, MP 129°-135°C (dec.) [a]D25= + 13.3° (CHCI3). 

Fig. 2. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells observed by phase-contrast microscopy (a) and Streptomyces ambofaciens filament observed by epifluorescence microscopy (after Propidium Iodide staining) (b)...

Streptomyces nodosus Streptomyces verticillus Cephalosporium sp. Saccharopolyspora erythraea Micromonospora purpurea Aspergillus terreus Streptomyces fradiae Pencillium chrysogenum Streptomyces ambofaciens Streptomyces aureofaciens Streptomyces orientalis... 

A mixture of basic antimicrobial substances produced by the growth of Streptomyces ambofaciens and consisting of Spiramycin I, C45H78N2O15 = 887.1 (about 63%), Spiramycin II, C47H8oN20i6 = 929.2 (about 24%), and Spiramycin III, C48H82N2O16 = (about 13%). 

Straphanthuis grains, 834 Strepsils, 353 Streptocidum, 991 Streptomyces ambofaciens, 973 Streptomyces anUhwUcus, 832 Streptomyces erythreus, 589 Streptomyces fradiae, 802, 1058 Streptomyces garyphalus, 504 Streptomyces griseus, 976 Streptomyces kanamyceticus, 693 Streptomyces mediterra net, 960 Streptomyces natalensis, 801... 

Gourmelen A, Blondelet-Rouault MH, Pernodet JL. Characterization of a glycosyl transferase inactivating macrolides, encoded by gimA from Streptomyces ambofaciens. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1998 42(10) 2612-2619. 

Kuhstoss, S., M. Huber, J. R. Turner, J. W. Paschal, R.N. Rao (1996). A new shuttle cosmid vector, pKC505, for streptomycetes its use in the cloning of three different spiramycin-resistance genes from a Streptomyces ambofaciens library. Gene 183 231-241. 

Tang L, Xhang Y-X, Hutchinson CR (1994) Amino acid catabolism and antibiotic synthesis valine is a source of precursors for macrolide iosynthesis in Streptomyces ambofaciens and Streptomyces fradiae, J Bacteriol 176 6107 - 6119... 

S)-2-A. was discovered in cultures of Streptomyces ambofaciens in 1956 as a diazo compound with anti-... 

Richardson MA, Kuhstoss S, Huber MLB, Ford L, Godfrey O, Turner JR, Rao RN. Cloning of spiramycin biosynthetic genes and their use in constructing Streptomyces ambofaciens mutants defective in spiramycin biosynthesis. J Bacteriol 1990 172 3790-3798. 

C46H80N2O13 869.144 Prod, by Streptomyces ambofaciens in the presence of protylonide. Shows broad-spectrum activity. Powder. Sol. MeOH, CHCI3, CbHb fairly sol.Et20 poorly sol. H2O, hexane. 

Propanoyl Foromacidin C. Spiramycin III. Spiramycin C [24916-52-71 C46H78N2O15 899.127 Prod, by Streptomyces ambofaciens. 

Nocardia lurida Micromonospora sagamiensis Streptomyces albus Helminthosporium siccans Streptomyces sioyaensis Micromonospora inyoensis Streptomyces spectrabilis Streptomyces ambofaciens Streptomyces griseus... 

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