Streptomyces peucetius

Streptomyces orientalis Vancomycin Streptomyces peucetius Daunorubicin... 

Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius Doxorubicin Streptomyces rimosus Oxytetracycline Streptomyces rimosus forma paromomycinus Paromomycin... 

Many strains of Streptomyces peucetius produce daunomydn. These strains often cany a permanently repressed (silent) gene that codes for the enzyme duanomycin 14-hydroxylase. If this is reactivated by mutation, the daunomycin is further metabolised to produce a new antibiotics, 14-hydroxydaunomydn (adnamydn). 

From culture of mutant F. 1. 106 of Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius. 

Escalante L, Ramos I, Imriskova I, Langley E, Sanchez S. (1999) Glucose repression of anthracycline formation in Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 52 572-578. 

Lomovskaya N, Doi-Katayama Y, Filippini S, Nastro C, Fonstein L, Gallo M, Colombo AL, Hutchinson CR. (1998) The Streptomyces peucetius dpsY and dnrX genes govern early and late steps of daunorubicin and doxorubicin biosynthesis. J Bacterial 180 2379-2386. 

Doxorubicin and dannorabicin are antibiotics made from microorganisms of the family Streptomyces peucetius. The stmcture of these anthracyclines contains an aminosaccarhide residue daunozamine attached to a naphthacenequinone nucleus. Doxorubicin differs from daunorubicin in the presence of a hydroxyl gronp at C14. A nnmber of mechanisms have been suggested in which anthracyclines exhibit cytotoxicity. They canse DNA to denature, are involved in oxidation-rednction reactions, chelate bivalent cations and react with cell membranes, changing their fnnction. They are used for severe leukemia, lymphoma, breast and ovarian cancer, and other solid tumors. 

The anthracycline antibiotics are fermentation products of Streptomyces peucetius. Daunorubicin (Cerubidine) is used to treat acute leukemias, while its structural analogue, doxorubicin (Adriamycin) is extensively employed against a broad spectrum of cancers. Although... 

Madduri K, Kennedy J, Rivola G et al (1998) Production of the antitumor drug epirubicin (4 -epidoxorubicin) and its precursor by a genetically engineered strain of Streptomyces peucetius. Nat Biotechnol 16 69-74... 

A Grimm, K Madduri, A Ali, CR Hutchinson. Characterization of the Streptomyces peucetius ATCC29050 genes encoding doxorubicin polyketide synthase. Gene 151 1-10, 1994. 

Daunomycin Streptomyces peucetius (fungus) DNA (major groove... 

It may be argued that this unusual biosynthetic sequence is due to the unique composition and organization of the dps (dauno- or doxorubicin polyketide synthase) genes of Streptomyces peucetius [88]. But, also in more typical biosyntheses of polyketide oligodeoxysaccharides, for example, the macrolides erythromycin A (14) [24, 58, 89] in Saccharopolyspora erythraea and tylosin in Streptomyces fradiae [90], or urdamycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces fradiae TU2717 [77,91,... 

Erythromycin, naturally produced by Saccharopolyspora erythraea, is among the most widely used antibiotics. It acts through the inhibition of protein synthesis by binding to the 508 ribosomal subunit [2]. The tetracycline antibiotics are produced by a number of Streptomyces organisms, and inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by preventing aminoacyl-tRNA association with the bacterial ribosome [3]. The epothilones, isolated from Sorangium cellu-losum, are potential anti-cancer agents with the same mechanism of action as taxol, the stabilization of microtubules that leads to the arrest of cell division and ultimately cell death [4, 5]. Doxorubicin, isolated from Streptomyces peucetius, is a cytotoxic molecule that has been used for the treatment... 

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