Gram-positive bacterial infection

Rutschmann, S., Kilinc, A., and Ferrandon, D., Cutting edge The toll pathway is required for resistance to gram-positive bacterial infections in Drosophila, J. Immunol. 168,4,1542,2002. 

Vancomycin (40) [85] is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is widely used in the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections (Fig. 19). It was discovered in a soil sample from the jungles of Borneo during a research program carried out by the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly in the mid-1950s. Streptomyces orientalis (later... 

Lundstrom TS, Sobel JD. Antibiotics for Gram-positive bacterial infections. Vancomycin, teicoplanin, quinupristin/ dalfopristin, and linezolid. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2000 14(2) 463-74. 

Bochud-Gabellon I, Regamey C. Teicoplanin, a new antibiotic effective against Gram-positive bacterial infections of the skin and soft tissues. Dermatologica 1988 176(l) 29-38. 

Chien JW, KuciaML, SalataRA. UseofUnezoUd, anoxazoUdinone, inthe treatment of multidrug-resistant gram-positive bacterial infections. CUn Infect Dis 2000 30 146-151. 

Bacteria synthesize lysine through one of three different pathways that are not present in mammals. " An intermediate in these pathways, wj ro-diaminopimelic acid (mDAP), is also an essential component of the bacterial cell wall. " " Consequently, the enzymes in these pathways are targets for the development of antibiotics for treatment of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial infections. The enzyme DapE catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-succinyl-L,L-diaminopimelic acid to form L,L-diaminopimelic acid and succinate in the succinylase pathway of lysine biosynthesis (Figure 6(i)). 

Since the past four decades sulphonamides have been extensively used against many common Gram-positive bacterial infections. 

As a natural glycopeptide antibiotic from Nocardia orientails, vancomycin is an important antibiotic to fight against drug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections. It shares a common heptapeptide structure with other... 

Several natural and synthetic indole-containing cyclic peptides have pharmacological properties (Scheme 25). Daptomycin (167) was isolated from the soil microbe Streptomyces roseosporus and is used to treat gram-positive bacterial infections [150, 173]. The synthetic cyclic peptide eptifibatide (168) is a glycoprotein Ilb/IHa antagonist and platelet aggregation inhibitor. This drug is used to treat patients who have acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and are especially susceptible to blood clots [150,174]. 

Vancomycin is a broad spectrum antibiotic, administered intravenously for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections resistant to other antibacterials. 

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