Actinoplanes teichomyceticus

Vancomycin, ristocetin A and teicoplanin are produced as fermentation products of Streptomyces orientalis, Nocardia lurida and Actinoplanes teichomyceticus, respectively. All three of these related compounds consist of an aglycone basket made up of fused macrocyclic rings and pendant carbohydrate moieties (Fig. 2-1). The macrocycles contain both ether and peptide linkages. The aglycones of vancomycin and teicoplanin contain two chloro-substituted aromatic rings, while the analogous portion of ristocetin A contains no chloro substituents. 

Teicoplanin (TE) is produced by certain strains of Actinoplanes teichomyceticus [28]. It is applied in the treatment of severe hospital-acquired infections caused by... 

At the other extreme, Borghi et al. reported the biotransformation of the teicoplanin family of antibiotics. They found that these large, complex glyco-peptides produced by Actinoplanes teichomyceticus could be demannosylated by cultures of Nocardia orientalis NRRL 2450, or Streptomyces candidus NRRL 3218. Interestingly, they also found that the demannosylated teicoplanin and other de-mannosylated derivatives could be converted back to the mannosylated form by the original producing organism (31). 

A Malabarba, P Strazzolini, A Depaoli, M Landi, M Berti, B Cavalleri. Teicoplanin, antibiotics from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus nov. sp. VI. Chemical degradation physicochemical and biological properties of acid hydrolysis products. J Antibiot 37 988-999, 1984. 

CYP165D3 (OxyE) Actinoplanes teichomyceticus 301 A, 3003 Oxidative phenol coupling of FG-rings in teicoplanin biosynthesis [239, 240]... 

Borghi A, Coronelli C, Faniuolo L, Allievi G, Pal-lanza R, Gallo GG (1984) Teichomycins, new antibiotics from Actinoplanes-teichomyceticus nov-sp4. Separation and characterization of the eomponents of teichomycin (teicoplanin). J Antibiot 37 615-620... 

Two new analogues of teichoplanin have been isolated as minor components of the complex from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus.RS-3 and RS-4, which have 6-methyloctanoic and nonanoic acid residues respectively attached as amide substituents to the two glucosamine units which are separately attached to the cyclic peptide core. Antibiotic A 82846 B, a close relative of eromomycin mentioned above, has been shown to be identical to chloroorienticin A, and its hydrolysis products are identical to those of chloroorienticin B and C (see Vol. 22, p. 199). ... 

Glycopeptides. Among the vast class of peptide antibiotics, the only ones commonly used are members of this family, denoted as dalbaheptides in view of their mechanism of action (d-aknine-D-alanine Mnding) and their composition (heptapeptides). The most well known are vancomycin and teicoplanin, produced by Amycolatopsis orientalis and Actinoplanes teichomyceticus, respectively (O Fig. 9.6). 

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