Streptococcus pneumoniae immunization against

Immunization against pneumococcal pneumonia and bacteremia caused by the types of pneumococci included in the vaccine Active immunization against Streptococcus pneumoniae for infants and toddlers... 

Lim, P.L., Choy, W.F., Chan, S.T.H., Leung, D.T. and Ng, S.S. (1994) Transgene-encoded antiphosphorylcholine (T15+) antibodies protect CBA/N (xvl) mice against infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae but not TrichineUa spiralis. Infection and Immunity 62, 1658—1661. 

Pneumococcal Disease In October 2002, the FDA approved the use of Prevnar for immunization of infants and toddlers against otitis media— middle ear infection. Prevnar is a pneumococcal seven-valent conjugate vaccine. It is formulated with a sterile solution of saccharides conjugated to the antigen, Streptococcus pneumoniae. 

Pneumococcal vaccines Mixture of purified surface polysaccharide antigens obtained from differing serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae Active immunization against Streptococcus pneumoniae... 

The clinical manifestations of PIDs vary with the aspect of the immune system affected. In general, because of the role of antibodies in protection against bacterial infections, individuals with deficiencies in humoral immunity are particularly prone to infections from Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. These individuals are also prone to infections of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary tracts because of the protective role of IgA in secretions. 

Nayak, A. R., Tinge, S. A., Tart, R. C., McDaniel, L. S., and Briles, D. E., 3rd, and Curtiss, R. (1998), A live recombinant avirulent oral Salmonella vaccine expressing pneumococcal surface protein A induces protective responses against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Infect. Immun., 66,3744—3751. 

Benaissa-Trouw B, Lefeber DJ, Kamerling JP, Vliegenthart JF, Kraaijeveld K, Snippe H. Synthetic polysaccharide type 3-related di-, tri-, and tetrasaccharide-CRM(197) conjugates induce protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 in mice. Infect Immun. 2001 69 4698-4701. 

A series of vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae, started at two months of age, has greatly reduced the incidence of that form of meningitis. Vaccines also exist against Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria, but these vaccines are only recommended for those people who have particular susceptibility to those organisms, due to certain immune deficiencies, lack of a spleen, or sickle cell anemia. 

GARCIA, V.E., GHERARDI, M.M., IGLESIAS, M.F., CERQUETTI, M.C. SORDELLI, D.O. (1993) Local and systemic immunity against Streptococcus pneumoniae humoral responses against a non-capsulated temperature-sensitive mutant. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 108, 163-167. 

This is a bacterial vaccine that induces antibodies against (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F) serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae, which are directly conjugated to the protein carrier CRM,97 to form glycoconjugate. It is indicated in active immunization of infants and toddlers against Streptococcus pneumoniae and in active immunization of infants and toddlers against otitis media caused by serotypes included in the vaccine. 

Pneumococcal vaccine is a bacterial vaccine that induces antibodies against 23 capsular types of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The type-specific antibody facilitates bacterial destruction by complement-mediated lysis. It is indicated in protection against pneumococcal pneumonia, pneumococcal bacteremia, and other pneumococcal infections. This bacterial vaccine is used for pneumococcal immunization. 

The first inflammatory stage of atherosclerosis starts early in life with more severe lesions developing only if classical risk factors, especially cholesterol, remain present. Immune responses mounted against antigens cross-react with homologous host proteins in a form of molecular mimicry, for example, HSP are secreted by C. pneumoniae, H. pylori, mammalian vascular cells exposed to stress such as CVD risk factors, and cells within atherosclerotic plaques In addition, serum titers of anti-HSP antibodies are correlated positively with the future risk of CHD, and purified anti-HSP antibodies lyse stressed human EC and macrophages in vitro. Furthermore, immunization with HSP exacerbate athersclerosis in animal models (reviewed in refs. 212,213). However, there is molecular mimicry between epitopes of oxLDL and Streptococcus pneumonia in LDLR -/- mice pneumococcal immunization led to increased IgM levels against oxLDL and decreased the extent of atherosclerosis (214). 

A 35-year-old man, who had had a splenectomy at age 14 years but had not been immunized against Streptococcus pneumoniae, developed pneumococcal meningitis while taking interferon and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C [44 ]. 

Many polysaccharides contain branched structures and are chemically modified by the addition of other molecules. Their monomeric or repeat units are often made up of more than one sugar molecule and, consequently, can be quite complex. They form protective capsules of some of the most virulent microorganisms, capsules that, nevertheless, carry information that activate mammalian defenses the immune, interferon, and properdin systems [9, 136]. They are found as key portions of the exoskeletons of insects and arthropods and cell walls of plants and microbes and perform as reserve foodstuffs and important components of intercellular, mucous secretions, synovial and ocular fluids, and blood serum in many organisms. Food Applications compiles recent data on the food applications of marine polysaccharides from such various sources as fishery products, microorganisms, seaweeds, microalgae, and corals [137, 138]. One of the applications of this biopolymer relates to a method for protecting against diseases induced by Streptococcus pneumoniae infections, which comprises mucosal administration of a S. pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide to a patient in need. 

The improvement in the gut mucosal immunity induced by PPM was also effective against Salmonella infection (Maldonado Galdeano et al. 2011). Similar results were obtained when the probiotics strains Lact. easel CRL 431 and Lact. rhamnosus CRL 1505 were administered by oral or nasal routes respectively, against Streptococcus pneumoniae infections (Villena et al. 2006 Barbieri et al. 2013). Moreover, protection against Candida albicans infection in PEM mice was demonstrated by administering the probiotic strain L. easel CRL 431 (Villena et al. 2011). 

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