Conjugate vaccines

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine. Three Hib conjugate vaccines are licensed for infant use. If PRP-OMP (PedvaxHIB or ComVax) is administered at ages 2 and 4 months, a dose at age 6 months is not required. DTaP/Hib combination products should not be used for primary immunization in infants at ages 2, 4 or 6 months, but can be used as boosters following any Hib vaccine. 

Pneumococcal vaccine. The heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) is recommended for all children age 2-23 months. It is also recommended for certain children age 24-59 months. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) is recommended in addition to PCV for certain high-risk groups. See MMWR. 2000 49(RR-9) 1-35. 

Parisi, L. and von Hunolstein, C., Determination of the molecular size distribution of Haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccines by size-exclusion chromatography, /. Chromatogr. A, 847, 209, 1999. 

PCV 7, 7-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine PPV 23, 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. From Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices,18 Committee on Infectious Diseases,16 and Sickle Cell Disease Care Consortium.27... 

S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, and H. influenzae type b dramatically. Prior to the availability of Hib conjugate vaccines, Hib meningitis or other invasive disease was documented in 1 in 200 children by the age of 5 years.5 Widespread use of the Hib vaccine has reduced the incidence of invasive Hib disease by 99% and has shifted the age distribution of bacterial meningitis to older age groups (from 15 months in 1986 to 25 years in 1995).1,6 Recent data indicate that routine use of the 7-valent... 

Prior to the introduction of the Hib conjugate vaccine, H. influenzae type b was the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in the United States.5 Routine inoculation of pediatric patients against Hib since 1991 has reduced the incidence of invasive Hib disease (i.e., meningitis and sepsis) in children younger than 5 years of age by 99%,6 with mortality from Hib... 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Direct and indirect effects of routine vaccination of children with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease—United States, 1998-2003. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) 2005 54(36) 893-897. 

There are two pneumococcal vaccines, a 7-valent conjugated vaccine for children younger than 6 years of age and a 23-purified-capsular polysaccharide antigen vaccine for adults. The 23 capsular types in the vaccine represent at least 85% to 90% of the serotypes that cause invasive pneumococcal infections among children and adults in the United States.41 After vaccination, an antigen-specific antibody response, indicated by a twofold or greater rise in serotype-specific antibody, develops within 2 to 3 weeks in 80% or more of healthy young adults.42... 

Herd immunity refers to high levels of immunization in one population resulting in protection of another unvaccinated population. For example, concentrated vaccination of children with the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine resulted in decreased invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infection not only in the vaccinated children, but also in elderly persons within the same community. 

H. influenzae type b conjugate vaccine is a recommended routine childhood vaccine given at 2,4, 6, and 12 to 15 months of age. Adolescents and adults with functional or anatomic asplenia should also receive a booster dose of H. influenzae type b vaccine. The currently available vaccines are labeled for pediatric use, but can be used in adults when vaccination is indicated. There are several H. influenzae type b vaccines on... 

Prevnar Pneumococcal 7-valent conjugate vaccine Lederle laboratories Immunization to prevent invasive pneumococcal disease... 

Lesage, M.G., Keyler, D.E., Hieda, Y. et al. Effects of a nicotine conjugate vaccine on the acquisition and maintenance of nicotine self-administration in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berlin). 1, 2005. 

Fig. 23. Representative examples of a potential anti-HIV-1 gpl20 conjugate vaccine.188...

Purified capsular polysaccharide of H. influenzae type b (usually linked to a protein carrier, forming a conjugated vaccine)... 

Virtually all serotypes of S. pneumoniae exhibiting intermediate or complete resistance to penicillin are found in the current 23 serotype pneumococcal vaccine. A heptavalent conjugate vaccine is available for use in infants between 2 months and 9 years of age. Current recommendations are for all healthy infants younger than 2 years of age to be immunized with the heptavalent vaccine at 2, 4, 6, and 12 to 15 months. 

Vaccination with Hib conjugate vaccines is usually begun in children at 2 months. 

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is recommended for children ages 2 months to 2 years and Al in those with high-risk conditions and older than age 2. 

Pneumococcal vaccine. (Minimum age 6 weeks for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [PCV 2 yeas for pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine [PW])... 

Meningococcal vaccine. (Minimum age 7 7 years for meningococcal conjugate vaccine [MCZ4] 2 years for meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine [MPSV4])... 

Hib conjugate vaccines are indicated for routine use in all infants and children less than 5 years of age. 

For infants aged 7 to 11 months who have not been vaccinated, three doses of HbOC, PRP-OMP, and PRP-T should be given two doses, spaced 4 weeks apart, and then a booster dose at age 12 to 15 months (but at least 8 weeks since dose 2). For unvaccinated children aged 12 to 14 months, two doses should be given, with an interval of 2 months between them. In a child older than 15 months, a single dose of any of the four conjugate vaccines is indicated. 

Haemophilus influenzae Type B Conjugate Vaccine Products ... 

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