Effect Evaporation

Modem developm ts aimed at avoiding such effects involve the use of high-porority, smaD-pore ceramic filters wdiich use the inherently high capillary pressure of such materials to avoid gas entry into the medium. This materially reduces the cost of con ression power in filters dewatered by conqiressed air. 

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K. T. Semrau and C. L. Witham, "Condensation and Evaporation Effects ia Particulate Scmbbiag," Preprint 75-30.1, 68th APPCA Annual Meeting, Boston, Mass., June 15—20, 1975. 

Condenser performance should be expressed as evaporating effect to enable matching with compressor and evaporator performance. Condenser evaporating effect is the refrigeration capacity of an evaporator served by a particular condenser. It is the function of the cycle, evaporating temperature, and the compressor. The evaporating effect could be calculated from the heat-rejection ratio qc / e -... 

Haick H, Niitsoo O, Ghabboun J, Cahen D (2007) Electrical contacts to organic molecular films by metal evaporation effect of contacting details. J Phys Chem C 111 2318-2329... 

From the surface evaporation effect (2), we reformulate the surface energy balance (Equation (9.26e)) as the heat transferred (net) must be used to evaporate the fuel and the water at the surface,... 

Two features in caves facilitate the use of stable isotopes as a palaeoarchive (1) cave air temperatures remain relatively constant throughout the year and are similar to the mean annual temperature above the cave. (2) In cool temperate climate regions, cave air is characterized by very high humidity that minimizes evaporation effects. Interest in speleothems as recorders of continental palaeoenvironments has increased considerably in recent years. The potential of speleothems as climate indicators was first discussed by Hendy and Wilson (1968) followed by Thompson et al. (1974). These early investigators already recognized the complexity of cave carbonate iso-... 

Dusting Powders are sprinkled onto the intact skin and consist of talc, magnesium stearate, silicon dioxide (silica), or starch. They adhere to the skin, forming a low-friction film that attenuates mechanical irritation. Powders exert a drying (evaporative) effect. 

Example 12 OpUmum Number of Evaporator Effects Determine the number of evaporator effects for the minimum total annual operating... 

Tube evaporators may be designed as vertical tube evaporators (VTE) or horizontal tube evaporators (HTE). In the VTE. vapor produced in one effect is condensed in the next effect. The effect is an evaporator chamber receiving heat from an external source or from a higher effect and producing vapor and brine which may serve as a heat source for ihc next elfecl. To obtain high efficiency in the use of heal energy, the process is repeated in several evaporator effects arranged in series. Sec also Evaporation. 

In a cooling tower s operation, sensible heat also plays a role. When warm water contacts cooler air, the air cools the water and its temperature rises as it gains the sensible heat of the water. Roughly 25%,of the sensible heat transfer takes place within the tower, with the balance of the cooling phenomenon achieved from the evaporative effect of the latent heat of vaporization. In simple terms, a cooling tower is a device that transfers quantities of heat from one mass to another. As we will see in later chapters, a cooling tower is simply an air-mass heat exchanger. 

It will also be possible by relatively minor piping changes to convert the forward-feed evaporator to backward feed, which might be more favorable if the calcium sulfate scale problem can be solved. Except for tubes, pump shaft sleeves, impellers, etc., the plant will be built exclusively of steel and cast iron. Tube materials will be evaluated by tubing different evaporator effects and heat exchangers with steel, admiralty metal, aluminum brass, and 90/10 cupronickel. The copper alloy tubes will be used exclusively in the final condenser and in the few heat exchangers that are in contact with nondeaerated sea water. 

NOTE Where an actual recirculating water pH is required for an in situ LSI calculation, never take a sample of the water falling through the tower fill, as it is over-concentrated due to the evaporation effect. Samples should preferably be taken from a bypass, return line, or well-mixed basin. 

The equations track the mean position of the plume as well as rate of change of its horizontal and vertical variance. Evaporation effects are included. 

Cole [18] found that in the identification of kerosine and aviation fuels, the usual packed columns provided sufficient detail only up to Ci3 //-alkane, a range readily altered by evaporation effects. A suitable capillary column was developed which revealed extra detail of minor components above Ci3 u-alkane, and consisted of a 45mx0.25mm stainless steel column coated with OV-101. This gave satisfactory resolution and stability in the 50-310°C temperature range. 

Temperature effects. Anomalies will arise if the wrong temperature is used to calculate c. This could be due to evaporative effects at the air-water interface or to a change in water temperature after isolation from air (other than that from adiabatic compression). The apparent anomaly will be greater for the heavier gases and greater at lower temperature, reflecting the temperature dependence of c. ... 

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