Starch production wastes

Strolle, E. O., Aceto, N. C., Stabile, R. J., Turkot, V. A. (1980). Recovering useful by-products from potato starch factory waste effluents - feasibility study. Food TechnoL, 34, 90-95. 

Yokoi, H., Maki, R., Hirose, J., and Hayashi, S. 2002. Microbial production of hydrogen from starch-manufacturing wastes. Biomass Bioenergy, 22, 389-395. 

Zhang, T., Liu, H., Fang, H. (2003). Biohydrogen production from starch in waste-water under thermophilic condision. /. Environm. Managem. 69,149-156. 

Over the last years food wastes have earned an increasing attention as feedstock for hydrogen production they include kitchen refuse, municipal wastes (a part of), food industry co-products (oil mill, cheese whey) and starch manufacturing wastes. Food wastes show high energy content (85—95% of volatile solids and 75—85% moisture) and high biodegradability, which favours microbial anaerobic development. 

Jesse TW et al (2002) Production of butanol from starch-based waste packing peanuts and agricultural waste. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 29(3) 117—23 Jhung S, Chang J-S (2009) Trimeiization of isobutene over solid acid catalysts. Catal Surv Asia 13... 

Tyj)e of dryer Applicable with dry-product recirculation True and colloidal solutions emulsions. Examples inorganic salt solutions, extracts, milk, blood, waste liquors, rubber latex, etc. Pumpable suspensions. Examples pigment slurries, soap and detergents, calcium carbonate, bentonite, clay sbp, lead concentrates, etc. does not dust. Recirculation of product may prevent sticking Examples filter-press cakes, sedimentation sludges, centrifuged sobds, starch, etc. 

Draw a flow diagram to show the production of protein-enriched feed from solid starch wastes. 

The aim is to produce biomass or a mass of cells such as microbes, yeast and fungi. The commercial production of biomass has been seen in the production of baker s yeast, which is used in the baking industry. Production of single cell protein (SCP) is used as biomass enriched in protein.6 An algae called Spirulina has been used for animal food in some countries. SCP is used as a food source from renewable sources such as whey, cellulose, starch, molasses and a wide range of plant waste. 

The main carbon source for production of SCP is petroleum. It has been practised in many companies around the world. Other potential substrates for SCP include bagasse, citrus wastes, sulphite waste liquor from pulp and paper, molasses, animal manure, whey, starch, sewage and agricultural wastes. 

Cassava is one of an important economic plants of Thailand. Thailand exported cassava products eg. cassava chip, peUet, flour and starch, etc. which are low value. The amount of the products was approx. 20 milhon metrictons a year in 1993. However, by the process, some carbohydrates in cassava tuber still waste and further cause pollution. 

This was previously used as a herbicide, and attention has been directed to its degradation in storage areas or where it has been spilled. A strain of Clostridium bifermentans KMR-1 (that is protected by a U.S. patent) was unable to use dinoseb as carbon or energy source. In the presence of a starch extract, however, a low level of transformation was observed, and the products could subsequently be mineralized by aerobic bacteria (Hammill and Crawford 1996). These observations have been extended to the remediation of soil slurries from a contaminated site by adding phosphate and starch waste that achieved anaerobic conditions, and inoculation with a culture from a pilot-scale... 

The main nutrients which are present in a paper mill effluent are carbohydrates from wood pulp or from waste paper, and also products which arise from their degradation. Compositions may be very variable and depend to a large extent upon the type and amount of waste paper, if any, which is being used. Recycled coated and surface-sized papers will introduce significant amounts of soluble polymers, in particular starch, which were used in the original surface treatment. 

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