Starch-based waste

Jesse TW et al (2002) Production of butanol from starch-based waste packing peanuts and agricultural waste. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 29(3) 117—23 Jhung S, Chang J-S (2009) Trimeiization of isobutene over solid acid catalysts. Catal Surv Asia 13... 

Wing, R., and Rayford, W. (1976), Starch-Based Products Effective in Heavy Metal Removal, Proc. 31st Ind. Waste Conf., Purdue Univ., pp. 1068-1079. 

Wemterra blown films are starch-based biodegradable and compostable materials. They are certified in accordance with DIN V 54900 (Germany) OK Compost and VGS-Tabel (including OK-Compost-Label, Belgium). Wenterra film is used for manufacture of bio-waste disposal bags and sacks. 

The ready availability of starch-based industrial wastes and their renewable nature merit their use as substrates for poly-betahydroxybutyrate (PHB) production from activated sludge. This would not only utilize the excess sludge generated and reduce the load on landfills, but would also contribute to reduction in the cost of PHB production by avoiding sterile conditions and pure carbon sources for maintenance and growth of pure cultures. PHB content is the most important factor affecting the production cost of PHB due to its effect on PHB yield and recovery efficiency, followed by cultural conditions and carbon substrates used (Khardenavis, 2007). 

Novamont makes Mater-Bi, another starch-based biodegradable polymer. This material is widely used for bags for collection of organic wastes for composting. Novamont claims programs serving over 15 million people use Mater-Bi bags and carriers for collection of... 

Feed Preparation Ethanol can be produced from a wide range of feedstock. These include sugar-based (cane and beet molasses, cane juice), starch-based (corn, wheat, cassava, rice, barley) and cellulosic (crop residues, sugarcane bagasse, wood, municipal solid wastes) materials. Indian distilleries almost exclusively use sugarcane molasses. Overall, nearly 61% of the world ethanol production is from sugar crops (Berg, 2004). 

Starch-based products are also being developed for heavy metals removal [19]. Starch, a natural polymer derived from agricultural crops, is both abundant and relatively inexpensive. Once converted to an insoluble starch xan-thate (ISX) it can very effectively scavenge uncomplexed metals from a waste water. In a bench test ISX was dosed at 0.64 g dmT to a solution containing ca. lOOmgdmT of Pb at pH 3.7. After stirring for 5 to 60 min the filterable lead concentration was down to 0.035 mg dmT, with the pH having risen to 8.9. 

To improve productivity and reduce production costs, effective and well controlled starch application at the wet end is required (see Fig. 3.6). New practical experience shows that a starch-polyvinylamine complex can be an alternative to a surface treatment by size-press for strength improvement. A hoHstic picture of the application of starch based on analytical investigations (in produced paper, exhaust air, clarified waste water and soil) shows that starch is an extraordinary, environmentally friendly additive with a diversified functionality. 

Modified starch-based polymers are promoted as potential solutions to the current litter/ municipal solid-waste management problems in as much as they serve two purposes ... 

One market which may provide potential for biodegradable polymers includes institutions such as theme parks or special events that must manage their own solid wastes. This concept was showcased at the Sydney Olympic Games in 2000 where 40 million food service items made of starch-based polymers were collected after use and composted [97]. Disposable cutlery and dishes used at the Sydney Olympic Games were supplied by Biocorp Inc., Novamont s North American distributor. 

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