Standardization of tests

The type of food and its processing affect flavoring efficiency therefore, flavor materials must be taste-tested in the food itself. Because there has been a lack of standardization of testing techniques, a committee on sensory evaluation of the Institute of Food Technologists has offered a guide (112) which is designed to help in developing standard procedures. 

The kind of natural products listed in the table above, however, are not defined in the United States today as drugs hut as dietary supplements, nutritional supplements, natural foods, or some similar nondrug product. Such products are not subject to the same standards of testing as are synthetic drugs. They are regulated by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994 (Public Law 103-417). According to that law, the makers of natural products used... 

International standardization of testing and international sharing of testing responsibilities should be promoted to reduce costs and speed the availability of reliable and reproducible assessments. 

The ballistic mortar test is considered to be the most satisfactory laboratory test for the measurement of the strength of an explosive. The design is based on the American company Du Ponfs design which was accepted as an international standard by the International Committee on Standardization of Tests on Explosives, Belgium in 1962. This has been described in detail by Taylor and Morris [85]. Ballistic Mortar (Du Pont Type) is used in the USA in preference to the Trauzl or lead block test which is considered to be a standard test in some European countries and is well known for research on explosives [86]. 

It will be clear from the discussion in the preceding pages, and should be noted, that the LD50 value is not an absolute biological constant as it depends on a large number of factors. Therefore, despite standardization of test species and conditions for measurement, the value for a particular compound may vary considerably between different determinations in different laboratories. Comparison of LD50 values must therefore be undertaken with caution and regard for these limitations. 

Bahner, L.H., Oglesby, J.L. (1979) Test of a model for predicting kepone accumulation in selected estuarine species. In Aquatic Toxicology SPT 667, pp. 221-231. American Standard of Testing Materials, Philadelphia, PA. 

The measurement of column performance criteria to compare columns, column packings, and column loading procedures has long suffered from the non-standardization of test procedures and disagreement as to which of the many performance criteria are most significant. It is the purpose of this paper to point out several practical aspects which must be considered when designing experiments to test column performance. 

It has been proposed by the European Committee for the Standardization of Tests of Explosive Materials ) that the transmission of industrial explosives be evaluated as follows. Two cartridges of the smallest commercially manufactured diameter are coaxially attached on a rod made of soft iron, wood or plastic material. The rod is freely suspended in a horizontal position, and the impact cartridge is set off by a No. 8 blasting cap. For the determination of the gap value the distance between the two cartridges is increased step by step, until misfire of the acceptor charge occurs. The completeness of the detonation in the receiving cartridge is verified with the aid of a lead sheet accommo-... 

The European Commission for the Standardization of Testing of Explosive Materials ) recalculated the results for a 10-ml test sample, using a calibration curve established by Kurbalinga and Kondrikov, as modified by Ahrens the reported value refers to the mixture of PETN... 

Bristow, P.A. and Knox, J.H. (1977) Standardization of test conditions for high performance liquid chromatography columns, Chromatographia 10, 279 289. 

RILEM s journal, Materials and Structures, is published by E FN Spon on behalf of RILEM. The journal was founded in 1968, and is a leading journal of record for current research in the properties and performance of building materials and structures, standardization of test methods, and the application of research results to the structural use of materials in building and civil engineering applications. 

The International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC) was founded in 1904 and is now affiliated with the International Organization for Standardization as a Technical Division. The lEC has a Technical Committee 15 on Electrical Insulating Materials, which is concerned with the standardization of testing methods and specifications in this special field. It met in Scheveningen, Netherlands, September 10 to 12,1952. Approved test methods and specifications are issued as recommendations and standards (16),... 

ASTM (1992) American Standardization of Testing Material. In Annual Book of ASTM Standards, vol 08-02... 

On the basis of ext ensive exx>erimental work international co-operation within the European Federation of Chemical Engineering has resulted in the standardization of test mixtures. The booklet published byZuiderweg [195] contains the equilibrium data as well as all important physical properties and data concerning the chemical stability of the components for 11 systems. It is suggested to use mainly the test mixtures Usted in Table 29 so that it should be possible to compare the efficiency of packings and columns. 

Bristow, P. and J. H. Knox, Standardization of Test Conditions for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Columns, Chromatographia 10, 279-289 (1977). 

In recent years, the drive towards international standards has led to a close examination of long-established test methods, and it has been found that the reproducibility ol many of the tests was poor. This in turn has not led to new tests but rather to the establishment of better standardization of test procedures. There has also been a growing realization of the need to calibrate test equipment with proper documentation of calibration procedures and results. 

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