Lead block test

Reactivity (instability) information Acceleration rate calorimetry Differential thermal analysis (DTA) Impact test Thermal stability Lead block test Explosion propagation with detonation Drop weight test Thermal decomposition test Influence test Self-acceleration temperature Card gap test (under confinement) JANAE Critical diameter Pyrophoricity... 

CH2(0CH20N02)2, mw 198.11, N 14.14%, OB to C02 —8.08%, liq. Prepn from formaldehyde or trioxymethylene with mixed acid. Impact sensitivity FI is 6% of PA. Power by lead block test is 148% of PA, and the material is described as not very powerful . Chemically unstable and reactive with moisture Refs 1) Beil — not found 2) Blatt, OSRD 2014(1944)... 

Methylnitramine explodes on heating or on contact with coned sulfuric acid. Based on tests conducted in the USA during WWII, it is more powerful than TNT (144% as detd by Trauzl lead block test) (Ref 3) ... 

Power. About 135% of TNT in BalMort Test about 160% of TNT in Trauzl Lead Block Test Rifle Bullet Test. High order detonations Thermal Stability. 9 to 30 minutes in 82.2°... 

Reactivity (instabiiity) information Acceleration rate calorimetry Differential thermal analysis (DTA) Impact test Thermal stability Lead block test... 

The ballistic mortar and lead block tests use only small amounts of explosive and are not applicable to slurry explosives which are too insensitive to detonate properly under such conditions. For these explosives it is useful to fire larger amounts of several kg under water and measure the period of oscillation of the gas bubble produced. The longer the period the greater the energy of the gas bubble and this part of the total energy of the explosive has been found to correlate well with the blasting effect of the explosive. 

Fig. 6.3. Relationship between ballistic mortar and lead block tests.

Lead block tests show this to be a feeble explosive, it is not impact sensitive but shows some decomposition on friction. 

The isolated solid is a very shock- and friction-sensitive explosive [1], but the preparation and safe handling of dilute solutions in solvents other than ether have been described [2], The need to use appropriate techniques and precautions when using iodine azide as a reagent is stressed [3], The purer the more explosive explosive properties are characterised (lead-block test, etc.) in a footnote to [4],... 

In the other type of test, the strength of the detonation (explosive power) is determined. Examples of methods for this type of test are the lead block test [139] and the ballistic mortar test [141]. Only the first type of test, which determines the possibility of a detonation, is discussed here. 

Bleiblockausbauchung lead block test evasement du bloc de plomb... 

Concerning brisance and impetus, L H (Ref 1, pp 421-22 Ref 2, p 267) suggest that whether the lead block test is a measure of impetus or of an uncertain combination of impetus and brisance, while a subject of contention, is not of great importance in view of the tendency of impetus and brisance to vary concomitantly. They consider, however, that it is probably safer to use the ballistic mortar values in direct comparison of available energy... 

H. Kast (104-07) Determination of Sensitivity to Friction (Medicion de la sensibili-dad al rozamiento) (107) Determination of Sensitivity to Initiation by Detonation (110-12) Determination of Sensitivity to Initiation by Influence (112-13) Determination of Power of Explosives using Trauzl Test (113-17), Small Lead Block Test (117), Quinan Apparatus (118), Guttmann Apparatus (118-19), Ballistic Pendulum (119-20), Mortar (Mortero probeta) (120-21) Determination of Efficiency of Initiating Devices by Lead Plate Test (121-23), Nail Test (123), Sand Test (124) and Acoustic Tests (124) Determination of Characteristics of Flames Produced on Explosion (125-29)... 

Taylor (1952), Measurement of Detonation by Dautriche (pp 24-28) and by Rapid-Photography Methods (28-32) Heat of Explosion by Calorimetric Bomb (40-2) Temperature of Explosion (43-7) Power or Strength of High Explosives by Trauzl Lead Block Test, Ballistic Mortar Test and pendulum Test (185-86)... 

R.L. Grant J.E. Tiffany, Detonators Initiating Efficiency by the Miniature-Cartridge Test , USBurMinesTechPaper 677, GovtPtgOff, Washington, DC (1945) (Description of the test and its comparison with Lead-Plate Test, Small Trauzl Lead Block Test, Sand Test, Esop s Test, Desensitized Dynamite Test and TNT-Iron Oxide Insensitive Powder Test)... 

Card gap sensitivity 6.25cm brisance 82 (TNT = 100) Trauzl lead block test 120.4 ... 

W() Kirk Othmer, Vol 8(1952), pp 654-57 (Section on Testing Exolosives which includes Impact Tests, Explosion Temperature Tests, Sensitivity to Initiation, Pendulum Friction Test, Rifle Bullet Test, Sand Test, Rate of Detonation Determination, Ballistic Pendulum Test, Trauzl Lead Block Test,... 

KL) Anon, "Military Explosives", TM 9-1300-214/TO 11A-1-34 (1967). Chapter 5. Properties and Tests of High Explosives Sensitivity to Frictional Impact (pp 5 1 to 5-3) Sensitivity to Friction (5 3 to 5-6) Sensitivity to Frictional Impact (5-6) Sensitivity to Heat and Spark, which includes Explosion Temperature Test (5-6 to 5-9) Sensitivity to Initiation (5-9) Stability Tests, which include 75° International Test, 100° Heat Test, Vacuum Stability Test and Potassium Iodide—Starch Test (5 9 to 5-15) Brisance Tests which include Sand Test, Plate Dent Test and Fragmentation Test (5 15 to 5-18 and Fig 5 13 on p 5-19) Initiating Value (5-18 5-20) Sympathetic Detonation (5-20 to 5-21) Power which includes Heat of Explosion Test, Ballistic Pendulum Test and Trauzl Lead Block Test (5-21. to 5-24) Blast Effect (5-24 to 5-27) Cratering Effect (5-28 5 29) and Munroe-Neumann Effect (5-29 to 5 35)... 

Impact Sensitivity by Brucetofl No 3 Apparatus, 50% positive in brass cups with 5kg weight at 90cm drop, vs 50cm for RDX Power by Ballistic. Mortar Test, 127% TNT Power by Trauzl Lead Block Test, 129% TNT Rate of Detonation. See Detonation Velocity Rifle Bullet Test. In 7 trials conducted in Canada with charges placed in steel pipe nipples — 5 passed, 1 detonated and 1 partially detonated... 

Coefficient d utilisation pratique, abbr as CUP or cup (Coefficient of Practical Utilization) or Epreuve de travail specifique (Specific Work Test). It is Dautriche s modification of Trauzl Lead Block Test. See Ref 20, pp IX X Ref 4, p 472 Ref 8, p 171 Ref 10, p 66... 

Epreuve des petits plombs (Small Lead Blocks Test). See Ref 24, p E109-L R... 

Trauzl Lead Block Test, See under Power (or Strength)... 

The strength of explosives is determined by Trauzl or lead block test. In this test, volume increase produced by the detonation of an explosive under test in the cavity of a soft lead block is measured. This volume increase is a measure of the strength of an explosive. It is a comparative method for determination of strength of an explosive. The principle of this test is illustrated in the Figure 3.21. 

Figure 3.21 Trauzl/lead block test. Reprinted from Meyer, R. Explosives, 1987 1987, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, Germany.

The ballistic mortar test is considered to be the most satisfactory laboratory test for the measurement of the strength of an explosive. The design is based on the American company Du Ponfs design which was accepted as an international standard by the International Committee on Standardization of Tests on Explosives, Belgium in 1962. This has been described in detail by Taylor and Morris [85]. Ballistic Mortar (Du Pont Type) is used in the USA in preference to the Trauzl or lead block test which is considered to be a standard test in some European countries and is well known for research on explosives [86]. 

The explosive properties of hexanitrodiphenyl-/ -hydroxynitraminoethyl nitrate are similar to those of pentryl. It is slightly more stable on heating its ignition temperature lies between 390 and 400°C. It is somewhat less sensitive to impact than pentryl and rather more powerful (by 3%) in the lead block test. It requires a stronger initiator than pentryl, tetryl or picric acid, but a weaker one than trinitrotoluene. 

Average size of the particles of sodium chloride mm Content of sodium chloride % Percentage ignitions Power of explosive according to lead block test... 

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