Strategic standards

Kleine Reaktoren mit grower Zukunji, Chemische Rundschau, April 2002 PAMIR study large commercial potential large industrial interest market volume standardization strategic cooperations time horizon potential for pharmaceuticals and fine chemistry Clariant pilot with caterpillar mixer [211],... 

Laboratory experiments have shown that IGSCC can be mitigated if the electrochemical potential (ECP) could be decreased to —0.230 V on the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) scale in water with a conductivity of 0.3 ]lS/cm (22). This has also been demonstrated in operating plants. Equipment has been developed to monitor ECP in the recirculation line and in strategic places such as the core top and core bottom, in the reactor vessel during power operation. 

Chlorine monitors should be strategically located within the plant to detect chlorine releases or leaks on a continuous basis. Monitoring data should be analyzed and reviewed at regular intervals and compared with the operating standards so that any necessary corrective actions can be taken. 

The objectives for quality control should relate to the standards you wish to maintain or to prevent from deteriorating. At the corporate level these objectives will address strategic issues such as safety and reliability or customer care. Although you will be striving... 

The various elements of the error management program such as the development of high quality procedures and training and effective feedback and communications systems need to be supported by policies and standards to implement these policies. The development of these policies is an important strategic aspect of the implementation process. 

This activity expanded greatly during World War II. Refiners, snch as Jersey Standard, Sun Oil, Shell, and Sacony-Vacuum, pioneered the mass production of advanced and strategically critical petrochemicals including butadiene for use as raw-material for synthetic rubber, toluene for m advanced explosives, as well as high-octane motor fuel and aviation gasoline. 

A technology agreement was made by Duracell/Toshiba/Varta in 1992, strategically aimed at the portable computer field. In 1994 a joint venture, "The 3 C Alliance" was formed. Standardization of the inventory was the main point. The benefits were seen to be easier replacement and lower cost per unit ( 170 for 6 h ). One of the first commercial partners was Compaq Computer Co. 

At the strategic level, boiler water treatment practice is essentially the planned, actioned, and documented management of the waterside of pre-boiler, boiler, and post-boiler plant equipment and systems. A key objective is to identify, obtain, and maintain operational and economic benefits for the plant owners, including maintaining the cleanliness and structural integrity of the boiler, its various water-steam cycle auxiliaries, and other components for a specified (long-term) period and to some quantifiable standard. 

Biological indicators (Bis) for use in thermal, chemical or radiation sterilization processes consist of standardized bacterial spore preparations which are usually in the form either of suspensions in water or culture medium or of spores dried on paper, aluminium or plastic carriers. As with chentical indicators, they are usually placed in dummy packs located at strategic sites in the sterilizer. Alternatively, for gaseous sterihzation these may also be placed within a tubular hehx (Line-Pickerill) device. After the sterilization process, the aqueous suspensions or spores on carriers are aseptically transferred to an appropriate nutrient medium which is then incubated and periodically examined for signs of growth. Spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus in sealed ampoules of cultrrre medium are used for steam sterilization morritoring, and these may be incubated directly at 55°C this eliminates the need for an aseptic transfer. 

Portable extinguishers and fire blankets are normally provided at strategic points in the work area. The range of application of portable extinguishers is summarized in Table 6.12. British Standard EN3 Part 5 requires all new extinguisher bodies to be red. A zone of colour above, or within, the section used to provide operating instructions may be used to identify the type of extinguisher. The colours used are ... 

Reported data should achieve a clear, purpose-oriented level of accuracy and precision, especially when data produced by several laboratories often needs to be compared as part of a decision process. It has become accepted by more and more analysts that to overcome differences between national standards and specifications and measurement procedures or to make Total Quality Management (TQM) an achievable reality, freely available and internationally agreed points of reference are needed. Therefore RMs and CRMs must be easily available indeed the availability of reference materials has been described as an issue of strategic importance to the EU (Maier et al. 1997). 

The recommended experimental evaluation is condensed in a number of flow charts following in which, in general, the most reliable and internationally recognized standard test methods are used [10, 12-22]. Details of the strategic testing scheme are covered in the following section. 

The ISO 9000 series encompasses the product development sequence from strategic planning to customer service. Currently, it is a series of five quality system standards, with two of the standards focusing on guidance and three that are contractual standards. 

Models are also useful m strategic project planning to compare the costs and benefits of competing therapies, such as the current standard therapy for schizophrenia and a theoretical drug profile of an antipsychotic designed to improve the therapeutic effect for schizophrenia patients. The costs and benefits can be compared to determine the optimal profile (one that would produce the best possible results) as well as the minimal profile (the properties that a compound must demonstrate to show a clinically meaningful improvement ova the standard therapy). 

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