Standard private

Public andprivate standards also may be distinguished. PubHc standards iaclude those produced by government bodies and those pubHshed by other organizations but promoted for general use, eg, the ASTM standards. Private standards are issued by a private company for its own interests and generally are not available to parties other than its vendors, customers, and subcontractors. 

Perhaps more important than state law, however, in determining one s legal rights under a pension plan is ERISA—the 1974 Employee Retirement Income Security Act. ERISA, by altering the requirements which employee retirement benefit plans must meet in order for an employers contributions to qualify for tax deductibility, has standardized private pension plans in ways most favorable to covered employees. Tax savings and protections are also available under either a qualified group retirement plan or an H.R. 10, Keogh, or I.R.A. plan wherein an individual may set up a tax-deferred retirement fund for himself. 

With the exception of calibration, the measurement problems that were apparent in 1970, at the time of publication of the fost air quality criteria document on photochemical oxidants, have essentially been solved for ozone. This remarkable achievement is the result of unstinting efforts by people working at epa s National Environmental Research Center, North Carolina the National Bureau of Standards private research contractors sponsored primarily by epa private instrument manufacturers the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of the California Institute of Technology the Air and Industrial Hygiene Laboratory, California Department of Health the Air Pollution Research Center of the University of California at Riverside and the California Air Resources Board (carb). 

LaFleur, P., National Bureau of Standards, private communication, 1970. 

Wagman, D. D. U.S. National Bureau of Standards, private communication, June 1980, of proposed modifications of CODATA values (1). To be consistent with these changes, appropriate corrections have been applied to values taken from earlier tabulations when the accuracy of the data warranted the small corrections. 

In addition to REACH, a wide range of voluntary labelling systems exist as well as different tools, standards, private labels based on best practice and improvement, as opposed to law. A straightforward evaluation of the role of labels in product differentiation is not possible with the plethora of certification schemes, which is often daunting to companies wishing to address sustainability issues and frequently causes confusion and frustration in the market. 

The accreditation of a standard is an official act (signed by the Ministry of Industry in France). To prepare standards, governments have mandated private organizations which are responsible for continuously following the rules to reach a mciximum consensus. There is only one such organization per country. They are, moreover, grouped at the European and international levels. 

Many compounds explode when triggered by a suitable stimulus however, most are either too sensitive or fail to meet cost and production-scale standards, requirements for safety in transportation, and storage stability. Propellants and explosives in large-scale use are based mosdy on a relatively small number of well-proven iagredients. Propellants and explosives for military systems are manufactured ia the United States primarily ia government owned plants where they are also loaded iato munitions. Composite propellants for large rockets are produced mainly by private iadustry, as are small arms propellants for sporting weapons. 

Y. C. Wu, W. E. Koch, and R. A. Durst, Standardisation of pH Measurements, National Bureau of Standards Special PubHcation 260-53, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1988 National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Md., private communication, 1993. 

M. L. Rajgarhia, Ground Mica, Mica Manufacturing Co., Private Ltd., Calcutta, India, 1987, p. 30 British Standards, British Standards Institute, London. 

Test Procedures. Most tests apphed to petroleum asphalts are empirical in nature (45). The ASTM tests are not the only ones appHed to asphalt testing. Private tests of a propriety nature have been used within companies. Some of these tests are now being made pubHc and occur from time to time in Hterature reports. Such tests may become a part of the ASTM standards. 

Another approach is to use government and private mortality and injury statistics. Calculated absolute risk estimates (the probability per year of a worker being injured or killed) can be compared to those de facto worker risk standards. For example, in the United Kingdom, industry and government alike are using the fatal accident rate (FAR, see Glos-... 

At the Taylor Road landfill (originally intended for the disposal of municipal refuse only), unknown quantities of hazardous wastes from industrial and residential sources were deposited. During the period when the landfill was active, soil and groundwater samples collected at the site were found to contain concentrations of volatile organic compounds and metals above acceptable safe drinking water standards. Analysis of samples collected from private drinking water wells indicated that contamination... 

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act Standards to be developed through private sector. 8/13/81... 

Commission in 1946. Atomic research and development, both for defense and peaceful use, was to he solely in the hands of the Atomic Energy Commission. Its mission was to assure the common dclensc and security, and to improve the public welfare, increasing the standard of living, strengthening tree competition, in private enterprise, and promoting world peace. ... 

Therefore, the second objective, equally important, was to share the results of this program not only with other DOD organizations but also with the private industrial sector. Since industry is concerned with larger production orders, the DOD procurement posture would be improved substantially through the shared knowledge and established standardization specifications. This, in fact, is the goal of all MMT programs... 

Fehsenfeld, F. C., Schmeltekopf, A. L., Ferguson, E. E., National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, Colo., private communication. 

The second type is the WAN (wide area network) installation. In this setup the LIMS take advantage of telecommunication technology to cover a great distance. The setup can also be used to connect disparate LANs together. In this configuration, the LIMS are installed on both the clients and a central server. The third type is the so-called centrally hosted thin client installation . For this setup, system administration is managed at a corporate center, where the LIMS are hosted and distributed via a WAN or the Internet with a virtual private network (VPN). The last and also the newest type is the ASP (Application Service Provision provider)-hosted installation. In this setup, the LIMS are hosted on a centrally managed server form and maintained by third-party specialists. Users access the LIMS with any Internet-connected PC with a standard Web browser. 

These data can then be fed into electronic medical records (EMR) such as those the NHS plans to introduce throughout the UK over the next 2 years. This represents a process that will ultimately both reduce the frequency with which patients have to visit their doctor and improve health care delivery. EMR or electronic personal health records (as they are also known) have already been established, or are being established, in many European nations, such as Denmark. The United States, with its decentralized health care industry, is behind the curve in these efforts. However, in early fall of 2005, IBM and eight other IT companies that form the Technology CEO Council (TCC), including Intel, HP, Dell, Motorola, EMC, Applied Materials, NCR, and Unisys committed to adopt electronic health records based on open standards. In addition to these private sector efforts, the US Department of... 

Appropriate standards and guidelines should be developed and used as tools for the application of all regulatoiy processes. They should be freely available to all stakeholders, including the public, in order to increase the transparency of the DRA s operations. The same standard of regulation should be applied to all dmgs, whether they are imported and/or manufactured by the public or the private sector, and destined for domestic consumption or for export. 

South African Bureau of Standards i Dr. Lategan Road, Groenldoof, Pretoria Postal Address Private Bag X191, Pretoria 0001, RSA... 

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