Virtual private networks

The second type is the WAN (wide area network) installation. In this setup the LIMS take advantage of telecommunication technology to cover a great distance. The setup can also be used to connect disparate LANs together. In this configuration, the LIMS are installed on both the clients and a central server. The third type is the so-called centrally hosted thin client installation . For this setup, system administration is managed at a corporate center, where the LIMS are hosted and distributed via a WAN or the Internet with a virtual private network (VPN). The last and also the newest type is the ASP (Application Service Provision provider)-hosted installation. In this setup, the LIMS are hosted on a centrally managed server form and maintained by third-party specialists. Users access the LIMS with any Internet-connected PC with a standard Web browser. 

Centralized systems reside at a central location and are accessed through a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), or a virtual private network (VPN). 

Use of remote access security when connecting from a remote location (e.g.. Call-back, Secure ID, Virtual Private Network [including PC firewall])... 

Some pharmaceutical mamrfacturers are implementing extranet web-enabled applications established with suppliers and business partners. Extranet includes Virtual Private Networking (VPN) and offer cheaper Web solutions. Remote node access is achieved using a client with a browser connected to a corporate Web address or Universal Resource Locator (URL). The challenge is ensuring security across the Internet link. A secure session or tunnel is established between the VPN server and the end user workstation. Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and telecommunications carriers are endeavoring to provide a managed extranet/VPN service to corporate subscribers. A major benefit of Web-enabled applications is the ability to recover from disaster scenarios. Business Continuity Plans can actively make use of such applications. 

Kosiur, D. (1998), Virtual Private Networks, John Wiley Sons, New York. 

Murhammer, M. W., Bourne, T. A., Gaidosch, T., Kunzinger, C., Rademacher, L., and Weinfurter, A. (1999), Guide to Virtual Private Networks, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. 

Organizations that want to exchange information often establish a virtual private network (VPN). Although the bits travel over the public Internet, encryption methods ensure that no one can read the information in-between and provide proof that the message originated from the other site. A drawback is that such a VPN must be set up beforehand. While this is no problem for connections between sites that cooperate structurally, as is most often the situation with teleradiology, this is not a solution for ad-hoc communication. 

Examine your internal network. If you need to change, consider moving from EDI to the Internet. Also consider a virtual private network (VPN). 

Virtual private network (VPN) A private network that uses Internet technology. It is only accessible by authorized users and is seen as a cost-effective alternative to dedicated lines. 

A firewall policy is extremely important from a cyber security point of view. To obtain effective results it is essential that there is a well-planned policy for a firewall and its management. It should he properly maintained and periodically audited. Any weakness in policy and failure to implement the policy wUl result in failure of the firewall. If one is considering an IP virtual private network (VPN) one needs to consider the placement of the VPN with respect to the firewall. The following are some of the guidelines for a firewall policy ... 

Contamination Control is used three times. VM models a virtualisation service running on the AS server in order to control the contamination of logical items. VPN models a virtual private network mechanism associated with the router, FW models a firewall associated with the gateway. 

Rogue connections are often mistakes. It is easy to misconfigure virtual private networks (VPNs), Internet tunnels linking disconnected islands of trust (e.g., linking remote office networks or home computers with headquarters). Company employees often connect to a corporate network using encryption to conceal their data, thus creating a VPN that can interconnect home and office. An employee can also create a hole in the corporate peTuneteT. (My company s principal business is to find these holes.)... 

To perform a search request an NSA analyst creates a query. This query is sent to all the XKEYSCORE sites. Analysts can search by hard selectors (e.g. email addresses) or soft selectors (e.g. language). So if an analyst does not have a hard selector, such as an email address or phone number for a known target, he/she can do a search for a category of information, such as all encrypted Word documents or all VPN (virtual private network) startups in a given country. (NSA XKEYSCORE slides 2008) Any kind of query can be created as long as the plugin exists. XKEYSCORE combines and returns all the responses to the query. 

Siergiejczyk M. 2008. The possibilities of using virtual private networks in the management of transport companies, Theses of Transport (64), Warsaw, Publishing House of the Warsaw University of Technology. 

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