Salivary Gland Tumors

In epithelial components CK8 +, CK14 +, CK18 +, CK19 +, CK7+/-, EMA +, CEA +/-, CK14 CK20 —, Vimentin —, GFAP — 

In myoepithelial components Vimentin +, SlOO +, Calponin +, Actin +, GFAP +, GK5/6 +, GK14 +, EMA GEA - 

In myoepithelial components SlOO +, Vimentin +, Actin +, CK5/6 +, CK14 + 

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Of 111 rats given 20mg of DCB hy injection or gastric intuhation 6 days/week for 10-20 months, 17 had tumors of the zymbal gland (a specialized sebaceous gland adjacent to the external ear canal), 13 had mammary tumors, 8 had skin tumors, 5 had malignant lymphomas, 3 had urinary bladder tumors, 3 had salivary gland tumors, and 2 had intestinal tumors no tumors were found in 130 control... 

Fast neutrons were the first nonconventional radiation used in cancer therapy. Fast neutrons (a high-LET radiation) were introduced for the following radiobiological reasons (1) a reduction of the OER with increasing LET (2) a reduction in the difference in radiosensitivity related to the position of the cells in the mitotic cycle (3) and less repair and thus less clinical relevance of the different repair mechanisms. The best and clinically proven indications for fast neutrons are salivary gland tumors, locally advanced prostatic adenocarcinomas, and slowly growing, well-differentiated sarcomas. 

Salivary gland tumors and locally extended prostatic adenocarcinoma were proven to be an indication for fast neutrons. 

Salivary Gland Tumors. Neutron beam therapy should be considered as the treatment of choice in patients with unresectable malignant salivary gland tumors or in patients where radical resection would require facial nerve sacrifice (Table 4) [33]. 

Table 4 Pooled European Data of Local Control in Advanced Salivary Gland Tumors...

Figure 10 Neutron therapy of salivary gland tumors. Probability of local-regional failure for unresectable salivary gland tumors. Starting values of the curves represent initial local-regional failure rates. (From Ref. 34.)...

The third approach is the introduction of another type of radiation quality high-LET radiation. Clinical experience with neutrons has demonstrated that high-LET radiations are superior to low-LET radiations for some tumor types or sites. Fast neutrons were indeed the first high-LET radiations to be applied clinically (see Sec. 4.1). Although in the first studies they were applied in suboptimal conditions from a technical or dose distributions point of view, their advantage for some types of tumors is well established, particularly for slowly growing, well-differentiated tumors. Randomized trials have indeed shown their superiority over conventional photons for salivary gland tumors and prostatic adenocarcinomas. 

Extraprostatic expression for all prostate carcinoma antigens has been described (breast—rare in males, salivary gland tumors, pancreas, and anal glands). Rare PSA expression occurs in melanomas. 

Nikitakis NG, Tosios KI, Papanikolaou VS, et al. Immunohistochemical expression of cytokeratins 7 and 20 in malignant salivary gland tumors. Mod Pathol. 2004 17 407-415. 

The majority of salivary gland tumors can be diagnosed by routine hematoxylin- and eosin-stained slides. Immu-nohistochemistry may play a role in the diagnosis of some tumors, especially to identify myoepithelial cells... 

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common salivary gland tumor. It occurs in all age groups, affects females more often than males, and may arise in either a major or a minor salivary gland location. When it originates in a major salivary gland, it is always encapsulated. Those of minor salivary gland origin are not encapsulated. 

Prasad AR, Savera AT, Gown AM, et al. The myoepithelial im-munophenotype in 135 benign and malignant salivary gland tumors other than pleomorphic adenoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1999 123(9) 801-806. 

Martinez-Madrigal E, Pineda-Daboin K, Casiraghi O, et al. Salivary gland tumors of the mandible. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2000 4(6) 347-353. 

Toida M, Shimokawa K, Makita H, et al. Intraoral minor salivary gland tumors a clinicopathological study of 82 cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005 34(5) 528-532. 

Recently p63, a homologue of the tumor suppressor protein p53, has gained use as a multi-tasker in multiple organs for the detection of MECs, basal cells (prostate), and myoepithelial differentiation (breast metaplastic carcinoma and salivary gland tumors) and as a marker for squamous differentiation. 78,29 advantage of... 

Swanson PE, Pettinato G, Lillemoe TJ, et al. Gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 in salivary gland tumors. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1991 115 158-163. 

Salivary gland tumors (myoepithelial adenoma/ carcinoma, basal cell adenoma/carcinoma, pleomorphic adenoma)... 

Gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15) Breast carcinoma Salivary gland tumors, skin adnexal tumors, apocrine tumors Apocrine cells... 

It has been shown that tannic acid (TA) exerts cancer chemopreventive activity in various animal models (61). TA induced either growth arrest or apoptotic death (62). TA induced apoptosis more in human oral squamous cell carcinoma and salivary gland tumor cell lines than in normal human gingival fibroblasts, whereas gallic acid, a component unit of TA, showed much weaker selective cytotoxicity (63). Recently, it was shown that inhibition of the proteosome of living Jurkat cells results in accumulation of two natural proteosome substrates, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 and the proapoptotic protein Bax, followed growth arrest in G1 and induction of apoptotic cell death (d ). 

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