Sports textiles

In Chapter 4, VerOTiika Kapsali describes the advancement in the field of biomi-metics in general and its potential use in sports textiles in particular. Biomimetic textiles use textile-related technologies as a platform to transfer properties and functionalities identified in biological systems into fibrous stmctures. This is achieved... 

Sport textiles and clothing in relation to heat loss and sweat... 

Seamless garments are preferred by the wearer for their comfort, snug-fitting, durability, and aesthetic characteristics. In addition, seamless garments are cheaper and do not easily fail on waistband and side seams. Seamless technology has wider application in various areas such as upholstery, automotive and industrial, sports textiles, medical textiles, and intimate apparel apart from general apparel. Some of the major applications are discussed in the following section. 

Popa, A.-M., Crespy, D., Weder, M., Bruhwiler, P., Rossi, R., 2009. Smart materials for sport textiles. In Techtextil Avantex Symposium, June 16—18, 2009, Frankfurt, Germany. Post, R., Orth, M., Russo, P., Gershenfeld, N., 2000. E-broidery design and fabrication of textile-based computing. IBM Systems Journal 39 (3—4), 840—860. 

Sporttech (sports textiles) These include shoes and sports equipment for flying, sailing, climbing, anghng, and cycling. 

Flexible foams are used in applications where a high degree of resiliency is required with moderate load-bearing capacity. Essentially all foam seating is urethane based, including the furniture and automotive markets. Other examples are packaging, textiles, filters, sports equipment, and recreational items. 

Nylons 6,6 and 6 are the ones usually employed as textile fibres. Where individual monofilaments are used, such as in brushes, sports equipment, or surgical sutures, nylons 6,10 and 11 tend to be used, because of their greater flexibility and water resistance. All nylons can be injection moulded and the resulting articles have found widespread use in engineering applications, such as bearings and gears. 

The split into the various textile dyestuff application areas has, over recent years, seen a shift towards the two main outlets of disperse dyes for polyester and reactive dyes for cellulosics (mainly cotton), at the expense of directs and vat dyes for cotton, cationic dyes for acrylics and acid dyes for polyamide. The latter fibre has shown a comeback in recent years with the popularity of microfibres in sports and leisure wear. The position in 1998, with disperse dyes dominating in value terms, was as shown in Table 2.6. 

PAC-CEL Blends are used for household textiles and imitation fur. In these plush and fur materials, the pile consists of PAC fibers while the back is made of cellulose. Furthermore, they are used for leisure wear, sport stockings, drapery, and table linen. The percentage of PAC in the mixtures varies widely. Cationic dyes reserve CEL well, because of their high affinity for acrylics. For a survey of dyeing methods, see [50, pp. 474-476] and [6, pp. 608-610],... 

Definition of the nanoscale covers all species having at least one diameter of 100 nm or less. When nanoparticles are intentionally synthesized to be used in a range of consumer goods, they are called nanomaterials. Without doubt, one can say that we are now at the beginning of nanoindustrial revolution. Different types of nanomaterials are frequently applied in electronics, space technology, cosmetics and sunscreens production, medicine and pharmacy, solar energetics, textile industry, sport equipment, and many other areas [22, 23]. 

ASTM is one of the world s largest sources of voluntary consensus standards for materials, products, systems, and services (4). It is the primary management system for standards development in the United States and has more than 6100 standards under copyright. It currently has about 153 main technical committees (about 1935 subcommittees and sections) working on standards in diverse areas such as steel, plastics, textiles, sports equipment, consumer products, security systems and equipment, surgical inplants, and meat products. 

Thumm S, LAD-fluorocarbon technology for high-tech sports-wear , International Textile Bulletin, 2000, 46(1), 56-61. 

The reactants are mixed together to form a salt that melts at 180°C. This is converted into the polyamide by heating to 280°C under pressure, which eliminates water. Nylon 6.6 is used to make textiles, while nylon 6.10, from the 10-carbon diacid, is used for bristles and high-impact sports equipment. Nylon can also be made by interfacial and by ring-opening polymerization, both of which are used in the following experiments. 

Applications of Fiexible Urethane Foams. Cushioning materials are the major applicatioii of flexible urethane foams. In 1980, the worldwide consumption of urethane foams was as follows (48) furniture and mattress applications, 37% and automotive applications, 18%. In addition to these applications, a wide variety of additional applications have been reported, including transportation, textiles, packaging, appliances, household materials, medical supplies, sound absorbents, sporting goods, cosmetics, agricultural applications such as artificial soil, and toys. 

Major polymer applications composites, textiles, brush bristles, tire cords, electrical and electronics (connectors, circuit breakers, capacitor housings), automotive (distributor caps, mirror housings, door knobs), housewares, lighting, power tools, sporting goods, plumbing... 

Today, almost all international museums and galleries possess collections which contain plastics. Plastics may be identified within building materials, defence equipment, ethnography, furniture, housewares, information technology, medical and sports equipment, modem art, photography and toys. Many combine metals, textiles and wood with plastics in their construction. In addition to the objects themselves, many of the materials used to store, transport and display them are also plastics. While museums continue their policy to collect objects that reflect both everyday life and historical events, the proportion of plastics in museums will increase. 

Commercial impact modified (elastomer blended) polycarbonates are used for the production of protective headgear, sporting goods, bobbins for textile industry and automotive components requiring high toughness. Impact modified PC has to compete with the more solvent resistant impact modified PBT/PC, PET/PC blends and polyamides in some of the applications. 

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