Sunscreen products

Sun protective factor Sunroof laminates Sunscreen agents Sunscreen products Sunscreens... 

Horn omen thyl saUcylate (homosalate), employed as a sunscreen agent, is on a Hst of 21 compounds for OTC sunscreen products, recommended by the FDA advisory review panel on OTC bum and sunburn prevention as both "safe and effective" (30). Menthyl saUcylate (6) is also a sunscreen agent. 

Because perspiration and bathing are commonly associated with sun exposure, the need to determine the SPE after bathing or long after appHcation to the body site is important. In use, the quantity of screen appHed and its uniform distribution over the exposed area control the achieved SPE. Methods for assessing the water-resistant or waterproof qualities of sunscreen products have been estabflshed by the EDA. 

A hst of uv absorbing substances found useful in protective sunscreen products is provided in Table 13. Some information on the levels permitted in products in both the United States and the EEC is included. Descriptions and specifications of sunscreens have been pubflshed (55). 

In principle, emulsified sunscreen products are similar to emollient skin-care products in which some of the emollient Hpids are replaced by uv absorbers. The formulation of an effective sunscreen product generally requites combination of a uvB and a uvA absorber if an SPF above about 12 is desired. Two or more of the sunscreens Hsted in Table 13 normally constitute about one-half of the nonvolatiles found in sunscreen lotions. The other half consists of an em ollient (solvent) and emulsifying and bodying agents. If water-resistant quaUties are desired, polymeric film formers, for example, acrylates—octylacrylamide copolymers [9002-93-1] or water-repellent Hpids, for example, dimetbicone [9006-65-9] are included. 

More recendy anhydrous sunscreens have become popular. Products of this type are based on blends of em ollient lipids and acceptable uv absorbers. Formulations of sunscreen products have beenpubHshed (56). 

OXIDATIVE LUMINESCENCE OF UV ABSORBING CHEMICALS. APPLICATION TO THEIR DETERMINATION IN SUNSCREEN PRODUCTS BY REVERSED PHASE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH CHEMILUMINESCENCE... 

The dried capitula of Matricaria chamomilla L. (Asteraceae), or German chamomile, have been used as anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic remedies since very early times on account of its contents in bisabolol oxides the activity of which has been experimentally substantiated. The plant is listed in several European pharmacopeias, and is used in the form of tinctures, extracts, lotions, ointments, shampoos, and sunscreen products. 

Photosensitivity It is advisable to rest a patient s skin until effects of keratolytic agents subside before beginning tretinoin. Minimize exposure to sunlight and sunlamps, and advise patients with sunburn not to use tretinoin until fully recovered because of heightened susceptibility to sunlight as a result of tretinoin use. Patients who undergo considerable sun exposure due to occupation and those with inherent sun sensitivity should exercise particular caution. Use sunscreen products and wear protective clothing over treated areas. Weather extremes, such as wind and cold, also may irritate treated areas. 

Titanium dioxide pigments are also used as UV absorbers in sunscreen products, soaps, cosmetic powders, creams, toothpaste, cigar wrappers, and in the cosmetics industry. Their most important properties are their lack of toxicity, compatibility with skin and mucous membranes, and good dispersibility in organic and inorganic solutions and binders. 

Definition of the nanoscale covers all species having at least one diameter of 100 nm or less. When nanoparticles are intentionally synthesized to be used in a range of consumer goods, they are called nanomaterials. Without doubt, one can say that we are now at the beginning of nanoindustrial revolution. Different types of nanomaterials are frequently applied in electronics, space technology, cosmetics and sunscreens production, medicine and pharmacy, solar energetics, textile industry, sport equipment, and many other areas [22, 23]. 

VP/eicosene copolymer (already reported previously as allergen in sunscreen products) 61-63... 

Some antioxidants are used more specifically in sunscreen products and also in moisturizing products to prevent aging but are rare causes of allergic contact dermatitis in such preparations, for example, tocopherol (vitamin E) acetate, retinol palmitate,67 and ascorbic acid (vitamin C).68... 

Nash IF. Human safety and efficacy of ultraviolet filters and sunscreen products. Dermatol Clin 2006 24 35-51. 

Schneider P, Bringhen A, Gonzenbach HU. Single step HPLC analysis of sunscreen products containing complex UV-filter systems. Drug Cosmet Ind 1996 32-38, 77. 

Australian/New Zealand Standard A5/NZs Sunscreen Products-Evaluation and Clas-sifiaction 2604 1997. 

In this experiment students create their own indicator of ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, a photochromic spiropyran, and evaluate different sunscreen products to determine their effectiveness in blocking UV light. 

Sunscreens are currently categorised eis cosmetics. Companies are encouraged to market only sunscreens that comply with the Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 2604 1998 Sunscreen Products. Evaluation and Classification . Com-pemies marketing sunscreens should have evidence to support the sun protection factor (SPF) and broad spectrum protection claimed. Sunscreens may become controlled as therapeutic products under the proposed Healthcare and Therapeutic Products Bill, though future legislation may simply formalise compliance with the Australian/New Zealand Standard. 

Photoallergic responses to sunscreen products represent an area where chemical components not known to produce dermal allergic responses are activated by solar radiation to produce ACD. I45 46 It is hypothesized here that in these instances, electromagnetic radiation may activate the skin to adsorb and/or absorb species that do not so react without the incident radiation. Alternatively, the molecular species themselves are excited by the radiation to molecular states that make them more reactive to skin. Chemicals exhibiting photoallergic contact dermatitis include oxybenzone, butyl methoxy dibenzoylmethane, methoxycinnamate, and benzophenone—all molecules that are readily photoexcitedJ45 ... 

Use Antioxidant and moisturizer for topical skin-care and sunscreen products. 

A dramatic solvent effect, which shifts the from 293 nm in nonpolar solvents to 266 nm in polar solvents this influences the efficacy of sunscreen products... 

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