Museums international

Flieder, E., R. Barroso, and C. Oruezabal (1975), Analyse des Tannins Hydrolisables Sus-ceptibles d Entrer Dans la Composition des Encres Ferro-Galliques, International Council of Museums Committee for Conservation Report 75-5-12, Venice. 

Grattan, D. W. and J. C. McCawley (eds.) (1981), Proc. Int. Council of Museums, Waterlogged Woodworking Group Conf, The International Council of Museums, Ottawa. 

Hofenk de Graff, J. H. (1969), Natural Dyestuffs Origin, Chemical Constitution, Identification, International Council of Museums, Committee for Conservation report 5, Amsterdam. 

Mills, J. S. (1972), Identification of organic materials in museum objects, in Conservation in the Tropics, Proc. Asia-Pacific Seminar on Conservation of Cultural Property, International Center for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cul and Central Conservation Laboratory, New Delhi, pp. 159-170. 

Walker, S. and K. Matthews (1988), Recent work in stable isotope analysis of white marble at the British Museum, in Fant, J. C. (ed.), Ancient Marble Quarrying and Trade, B.A.R., International Series, Vol. 453, Oxford, UK, pp. 117-125. 

DeWitte, E., Goessens-Landrie, M., Goethals, E. J. and Simons, R., "The Structure of Old and New Paraloid B-72", International Council of Museums (Paris) Committee for Conservation, Zagreb Meeting, 1978, Paper 78/16/3. 

Beck, C.W., Stout, E.C. and Janne, P.A. (1997). The pyrotechnology of pine tar and pitch inferred from qualitative analyses by GC-MS and carbon-13 NMR spectrometry. In Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Wood Tar and Pitch, Biskupin, Poland, ed. Brzezinski, W. and Piotrowski, W., State Archaeological Museum in Warsaw, Warsaw, pp. 181-192. 

If these places stiU do not yield experts or professionals whom you can interview, you can always check your local, national, or even an international phone book to look up any societies, museums, cultural institutions, and perhaps, even private phone numbers of potential primary source individuals. Even if a living family member of President John E Kennedy is not available for information, perhaps a famous biographer or professor would be willing to speak about the topic. There may also be a special historical association or website devoted chiefly to his presidency. 

The element was discovered in 1801 by British chemist Charles Hatchett during analysis of a black mineral sample from the British Museum, originally sent in 1753 from Connecticut. He named the element columbium, after the country of its origin, Columbia (United States). In 1844, Rose announced the discovery of a new element which he named as niobium, in honor of Niobe, the daughter of Tantalus, the mythological Goddess of Tears. Later, it was established that Hatchett s columbium and Roses niobium were the same element. Both names remained in use for more than one hundred years. In 1949 at the Fifteenth International Union of Chemistry Congress held at Amsterdam, the name niobium was officially adopted as the international name. 

Gasteiger S, Eggert G (2004) How to compare reduction methods for corroded silver finds. Metal 2001 Proceedings of the International Conference on Metals Conservation, Santiago, Chile, 2-6 April 2001, Western Australian Museum 320-324. 

This is the purest yet described from any locality. In 1786, a mass of native iron, weighing upwards of thirteen tens, was found in South America, a sample of which was sent to the British Museum. It is described as boing soft and compact, although the internal part of tho mess is full of cavities it hod 07ery appearance of having been in a fused state, and was considered the product of a volcanic irruption. No analysis of this sample has been made. 

The set of samples from a panel at the Museum of Art, Princeton University (Figure 9) have internal compositional consistencies which allow conclusions similar to those for Rouen panels. Eleven fragments from this panel were sampled and analyzed (Table V). Potassium oxide concentration was about 26%, and sodium oxide concentration was about 0.5%. This glass is completely different in composition from that... 

A more serious concern is that of corrosive depletion of the more reactive metals near the surface. Ideally, an internal drilling sample should be taken for analysis. While this is preferable to a streak sample, practical limitations are imposed by the types of objects with which we are working. We doubt if any owner or museum curator would allow us to drill into a coin. However, some museums will occasionally permit drillings to be taken from metallic art objects, and during the past year a group from Brookhaven National Laboratory (including P. Meyers and E. V. Sayre) has obtained drilling samples from silver art objects which we... 

Received July 9, 1973. Adapted from a report presented at the 1972 Madrid meeting of the Conservation Committee of the International Council of Museums, Working Group on Metals. 

The desired or guideline values for humidity in museums are usually predicated on the management plans for different types of artifact (Waller, 1994 Ashley-Smith, 1999), and expressed in a long term target RH value and an allowed deviation from this value. For galleries, the target values vary internationally depending on the climates of those countries (Padfield, 1994 Tetreault, 2003), see Table 12.1. 

Air pollution levels in air conditioned and naturally ventilated museums a pilot study. Preprints of the 12th Triennial Meeting of the International Committeefor Conservation ICOM-CC, Lyon, France, Vol. 1, pp. 31-7. 

Dawson, J.E. (1984) Effects of pesticides on museum materials a preliminary report. Biodeterioration IV. Papers presented at the 6th International Biodeterioration Symposium. Washington DC, USA, pp. 

Godoi, A.F., Joos, P. and van Grieken, R. (2002) Characterisation of air pollutants in museum showcases. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Non-destructive Testing and Microanalysis for the Diagnostics and Conservation of the Cultural and Environmental Heritage, Antwerp, Belgium,... 

Oreszczyn, T., Cassar, M. and Fernandez, K. (1994) Comparative study of air-conditioned and non air-conditioned museums. Preprints of the Contributions to the Ottawa Congress, Preventive Conservation-Practice, Theory and Research. The International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works IIC, Ottawa, Canada, pp. 144—8. 

The importance of using common reference scales has been recognised for centuries. For example, in England, King John introduced consistent measures throughout the land in 1215. Other countries also had their own measurements scales standards. Many city museums show the standard measures used for trade within the city or local state. As trade widened so did the need for comparability of measurement results and the use of common units widened. The many different measurements scales were harmonised with the introduction of the metric system and the SI units under the Convention of the Metre signed in 1875. An excellent summary of the historical development of units of measurement is given in the NBS Special Publication 420 [1], Under the Convention of the Metre a hierarchical chain of national and international measurement standards has been developed for the measurement of most of physical quantities. 

Ban, M., Negombata magnifica — a magnificent pet, in Origin and Outlook 5th International Sponge Symposium 1998, Book of Abstracts, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia, 1998, 29. 

ICOM Comm, for Conserv. 7th Triennial Meeting de Froment, D., Ed. Intern. Council of Museums Paris, 1984, pp 9.46-50. 

Diffuse Reflectance, Attenuated Total Reflection or Multiple Internal Reflection, Photoacoustic (PAS), Photothemal Beam Deflection, Specular Reflection Absorption, and forensic applications with the diamond cell and the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscope. In museum laboratories, FTIR applications have been used for problems of identification and degradation in art and archeology. (14)... 

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