Spindle test

Automated Magnetic Particle Testing of Truck Spindles. 

The Rockwed testing machine is thus a framework permitting stable support of the workpiece on one side and means to impress the indenter under specified load on the other. A dial indicator attached to the indenter spindle is used to read directly the depth of indentation in hardness numbers. 

The Nametre Rotary B rotational viscometer measures torque in terms of the current needed to drive the d-c motor at a given speed while a material is under test. The standard sensors are coaxial cylinders or Brookfield disk-type spindles, but a cone—plate system is also available. The viscosity range for the coaxial cylinder sensors is 5 to 5 x 1(T mPa-s, and the maximum shear rate is 200. ... 

A similar method of test was used at the International Nickel Company s Corrosion Laboratory at North Carolina. The specimen discs are mounted on insulated vertical spindles and submerged in sea-water, which is supplied continuously to the tank in which the specimens are immersed. The maximum peripheral speed of the spinning disc is about 760cms , and the characteristic pattern of attack is shown in Fig. 19.3a. Studies of variation of depth of attack with velocity indicate that at low velocities (up to about 450 cm s ) alloys such as Admiralty brass, Cu-lONi and cupro-nickel alloys containing iron maintain their protective film with a consequent small and similar depth of attack for the diflferent alloys. At higher velocities the rate increases due to breakdown of the film. 

The application of a clamp on a SV spindle to keep the valve in a fully-closed position, especially during a hydrostatic test. 

The vast majority of in vivo tests show no geno-toxicity of mono- and dialkyltins. Results from in vitro tests are variable, with little indication of DNA reactivity. There are, however, indications of clastogenicity and effects on spindle formation in mitosis in vitro. 

The MUF resin pH was determined using pH meter model pH 340-A/SET l-MTM. The pH meter was calibrated before it was used to determine the pH of the resin. The viscosity was determined using the Cole-Parmer 98936-15 viscometer (R2 spindle, lOOrpm speed). The storage life was a test of shelf life of the MUF resin under the ambient environment. Resin was first stored at ambient room temperature. Viscosity of the resin was checked for every three to four days. The ratio of water that can be added into resin before it turned turbid or precipitated is called resin solubility. The resin solubility was determined by divide the weight of resin and the weight of water added into resin before it turned turbid or precipitated. The curing period of a resin was defined as the time period for the resin to be hardened after application in a 30°C and 1.0% of NH4CI powder (as hardener). 

Apples were chopped and mashed to a fine puree. Apple mash was treated with enzyme preparation and incubated for 2 hours at 55°C. Viscosity of mash was measured several times using a Brookfield DC3 viscometer with Helipath stand attachment and TD spindle. After two hours of incubation sanple was coitriftig for 20 minutes at 10.000 rpm. Volume, clarity, pH and brix of the juices were measured. The pectin level of the juices was assessed by a standard alcohol test. 

We conducted spindle-severing experiments in par-2 and par-3 mutant embryos to test the validity of this model. In wild type, PAR-3 protein is restricted to the anterior cortex and PAR-2 protein to the posterior cortex (Boyd et al 1996, Etemad-Moghadam et al 1995). In par-2 mutants, PAR-3 expands to fill the... 

Observations are made in metaphase cells arrested with a spindle inhibitor such as colchicine or colcemid to accumulate cells in a metaphase-like stage of mitosis (c-metaphase) before hypotonic treatment to enlarge cells and fixation with alcohol-acetic acid solution. Cells are then dispersed on to microscope slides and stained and slides are randomized, coded and analyzed for chromosome aberrations with high-power light microscopy. Details of the procedure are given in Dean and Danford (1984) and Preston et al. (1981, 1987). The UKEMS guidelines (Scott et al., 1990) recommend that all tests be repeated regardless of the outcome of the first test and... 

For monolayer cultures, the cultures are set up the day before BrdU treatment so that the cells will be in exponential growth before the addition of BrdU or the test compound. After BrdU addition the cells are allowed to undergo the equivalent of two cell cycles before cell harvest. A spindle inhibitor such as colchicine or colcemid is introduced for the final 1-2 h of culture to arrest cells in metaphase, after which the cells are harvested and chromosome preparations are made by routine cytogenetic techniques. 

If the equipment passes the calibration for basket and paddles, then it can be assumed that the spindle assemblies, motor, and drive belt are functioning properly. The analyst may be able to test the wobble using equipment that assesses the run out measurement for the basket. 

Both washed and unwashed cottons were processed through a blender feeder, a No. 12 horizontal opener, and a two-beater picker and made into picker laps. The carding was conducted in our model cardroom at 18,2 kg/h, and dust levels were determined by use of vertical elutriators. The cottons were spun into 19.7 mg/ m yarn of 38.2 twist factor at 13000 rpm spindle speed in a 4536 spindle-hour test. 

Animals, usually rodents, are exposed to a test substance by an appropriate route (usually oral or intraperitoneal injection, other routes may be appropriate) followed by administration of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). At least five female and five male animals per experimental and control group should be used. For an initial assessment, one dose of the test substance may be used, the dose being the maximum tolerated dose or that producing some indication of toxicity as evidenced by animal morbidity (including death) or target cell toxicity. For determination of dose-response, at least three dose levels should be used. A compound known to produce SCE in vivo should be employed as the positive control. A spindle inhibitor (e.g., colchicine) is administered prior to sacrifice. After sacrifice, tissue is obtained and metaphase preparations made, stained, and scored for SCE. 

Mammalian cells in vitro are exposed to the test chemical with and without an exogenous mammalian metaboUc activation system and cultured for two rounds of replication in bromodeox3Uiridine (BrdU) containing medium. After treatment with a spindle inhibitor (e.g., colchicine) to accumulate cells in a metaphase-Uke stage of mitosis (c-metaphase), cells are harvested, stained, and metaphase cells analyzed for SCEs. Primary cultures (e.g., human lymphocytes) or established cell lines (e.g., Chinese hamster ovary or lung cells) may be used in the assay. At least three adequately spaced concentrations of the test substance should be used. 

Samples of the sugars being removed are cooled to 20°C. and tested for density by a sugar Brix spindle., Analysis of these solutions shows that the reducing sugar content of the solutions is 60 to 70% of the concentration shown by the Brix spindle. If the hydrolysis of hemicellulose is not complete, the ratio of reducing sugar to Brix will be low and will indicate that insufficient acid has been used. 

The ageing test measures the torque necessary to induce the rotation of a special spindle in the slurry. The measure must be done before the first rotation is completed in order to prevent destruction of the gel network. We measure gel after 25 seconds using a Brookfield viscometer with a special spindle (Helipath type), rotating at 1 rpm. 

A polished steel spindle is immersed into 300 mL of fuel maintained at 100°F (37.8°C). The fuel is continually stirred during the entire test period. Upon immersion for 30 minutes, 30 mL of distilled water are added to the fuel. After remaining in the fuel for an additional 3lh hours, the spindle is removed and the surface is rated for percent corrosion. 

TABLE 7-1. NACE Corrosion Test Spindle Rating Scale... 

T) Spin Test. The purpose of this test is to check the arming characteristics of a fuze for spin-stabilized ammunition. The equipment consists of a vertical spindle that has an adapter to accommodate the test fuze. The spindle is rotated at the desired rpm by an electric motor or air. In some procedures a stroboscope is used to observe the arming characteristics of the mechanism (p IIB-26 of Ref 39)... 

Parmar, D., Srivastava, S.P., Singh, G.B. Seth, PK. (1995) Testicular toxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in developing rats. Vet. hum. Toxicol., 37, 310-313 Party, E.M. (1985) Tests for the effects on mitosis and the mitotic spindle in Chinese hamster primary liver cells (CHl-L) in cnlture. Prog. Mutat. Res., 5, 479 85 Party, J.M. Eckardt, F. (1985) The detection of mitotic gene conversion, point mutation and mitotic segregation nsing the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D7. Prog. Mutat. Res., 5, 261-269... 

Parry, J.M. Sharp, D.C. (1981) Induction of mitotic aneuploidy in the yeast strain D6 by 42 coded compounds. In de Series, F.J. Ashby, J., eds, Progress in Mutation Research, Volume 1, Evaluation of Short-Term Tests for Carcinogens. Report of the International Collaborative Program, Amsterdam, Elsevier Science, pp. 468-480 Parry, E.M. (1985) Tests for effects on mitosis and the mitotic spindle in Chinese hamster primary liver cells (CHl-L) in culture. In Ashby, J., de Serres, F.J., Draper, M., Ishidate, M., Jr, Margolin, B.H., Matter, B.E. Shelby, M.D., eds. Progress in Mutation Research, Volume 5, Evaluation of Short-Term Tests for Carcinogens. Report of the International Programme on Chemical Safety s Collaborative Study on in vitro assays, Amsterdam, Elsevier Science, pp. 479-485... 

Parry, E.M. (1985) Tests for effects on mitosis and the mitotic spindle in Chinese hamster primary liver cells (CHl-L) in culture. Prog. Mutat. Res., 5, 479-485... 

Adler, I.-D., Kliesch, U., van Hiunmelen, P. Kirsch-Volders. M. (1991) Mouse micronucleus tests with known and suspect spindle poisons results from two laboratories. Mutagenesis, 6,47-53... 

Marrazzini, A., Betti, C., Bernacchi, F., Barrai, I. Barale, R. (1994b) Mieronueleus test and metaphase analyses in mice exposed to known and suspected spindle poisons. Mutagenesis, 9, 505-515... 

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