Spin stability

More than 95% of current carbon fiber production for advanced composite appHcations is based on the thermal conversion of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) or pitch precursors to carbon or graphite fibers. Generally, the conversion of PAN or pitch precursor to carbon fiber involves similar process steps fiber formation, ie, spinning, stabilization to thermoset the fiber, carbonization—graphitization, surface treatment, and sizing. Schematic process flow diagrams are shown in Eigure 4. However, specific process details differ. 

Nord SS.12. A spin-stabilized, wire-guided surface-to-surface missile system derived from the Nord SS.ll. The principal change is the incorporation of a much larger warhead (29.9kg of HE) which makes it effective against fortifications as well as tanks, ships and other vehicles. Available warheads include the Type OP.3C which can pierce... 

Nutation. The axis of a spin-stabilized projectile in flight is subject to spasmodic small conical vibrations, called nutation, which should not be confused with yaw (qv) or precession (qv). The instant a spinning projectile leaves a gun, the turbulence produced by the release of proplnt gases causes nutations to occur. Their amplitude is usually small, and, in the case of concentric fast spinning projectiles, they disappear due to the action of equal and opposite centrifugal forces. 

Overspin (Overstabilization). In a spin stabilized projectile, when the rate of spin is too great for the particular design of projectile, it becomes overstable and its nose does not turn downward as it passes the summit of the trajectory and follows the descending branch. In such cases the projectile is said to have overspin or overstabilization ... 

Studies were made of the detonation with hemispherical, ellipsoidal, and conical liners and a theory was developed which appeared to give a plausible explanation of the optimum shapes of liners. It was discovered during these studies, that highspeed rotation decreased very markedly the cavity effect, and that consequently, spin-stabilized projectiles were ill-adapted to cavity charges. Towards the end of 1943, the spreading of the jet, due to rotation, was confirmed photographically by the Kerr-cell camera... 

Fuze, MTSQ, M564- This fuze intended for use with spin-stabilized projectiles, is an improvement over older MTSQ fuzes (such... 

T) Spin Test. The purpose of this test is to check the arming characteristics of a fuze for spin-stabilized ammunition. The equipment consists of a vertical spindle that has an adapter to accommodate the test fuze. The spindle is rotated at the desired rpm by an electric motor or air. In some procedures a stroboscope is used to observe the arming characteristics of the mechanism (p IIB-26 of Ref 39)... 

Spin Stabilization is defined in Ref 2, p 270-R as the method of stabilizing a projectile during flight by causing it to rotate about its own longitudinal axis... 

Accdg to Maj Hobart (Ref 3)> die ides of fin stabilization is much older than spin stabilization. This is because the earliest weapons were smooth-bore and they could use finned projs, while spin projectiles required rifled weapons which were notin-vented until about 1500. The earliest fin-stabilized projectile was an arrow and then fireworks projs, which could be called rockets. The earliest projs fired from smooth-bore barrels of small arms or cannons were like balls and they did not have any stabilizing attachments. However, accdg to the description given in Milimet Manuscript of 1326, now in Christchurch, Oxford, the earliest cannon, known as pot de feu (fire pot) was fin-stabilized (See also Voi 2 of Encycl, p C26fL)... 

Maj Ohart (Ref 1, p 331) discussed stability and accuracy of fin-stabilized and spin-stabilized rockets. Accdg to him, spin-stabilized rockets are more accurate than the fin-stabilized ones. On pp 341 to 349 are described various fin- and spin-srabilized rockets... 

Flechette (US) or Aerial Dart. A small fin-stabilized missile (See Fin Stabilization and Spin Stabilization in this Vol), a large number of which can be loaded in an artillery canister consisting of a light sheet metal casing, designed to be fired from a rifled gun. 

A similar rate-enhancing effect is probably observed with cyano substitution. 2-Cyano-3,3-dimethyl-2-phenyloxetane (22) underwent thermal decomposition at 350 °C to give benzoyl cyanide (68ZOR2055). The regioselectivity in this case would be in accord with cleavage to the intermediate biradical (23), which would have extensive spin stabilization at the cyano-substituted carbon atom and would probably be the most stable of the four possible biradical intermediates. 

Orbit Injection Spin Stabilized Spin Stabilized 3-Axis Stabilized 3-Axis Stabilized... 

These propellants had rather poor physical properties produced by a high proportion of TNT they were too brittle and unsuitable for spin stabilized rockets. 

Dervish. An Amer air-to-air missile manufd by the Northrop Corp, Beverly Hills, Calif. It consists of a small spin-stabilized rocket, 2.75 in diam, powered by a Thiokal solid propint Ref I.F.Ordway R.Wakeford, "International Missile and Spacecraft Guide , McGraw-Hill,... 

Ferrari RP, Laurenti E, Casella L, Poli S (1993) Oxidation of catechols and catecholemines by horseradish peroxidase and lactoperoxidase ESR spin stabilization approach combined with optical methods. Spectrochim Acta 49A 1261-1267... 

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