Cell enlargement

Cell enlargement occurs when a demand for water is created by relaxation of the cell walls under the influence of turgor pressure and wall-loosening factors. Water enters the cell down a water potential gradient, extending the cell walls (Lockhart, 1965 Boyer, 1985 Tomos, 1985). 

Raff Would it be correct to say that the link between patterning and stopping cell enlargement is missing ... 

Reik How significant a phenomenon is cell growth the way you people talk about it in development If I look at our big mice, their size has little to do with cell enlargement. 

An endemic zinc deficiency syndrome among young men has been reported from Iran and Egypt, and is characterized by retarded growth, infantile testes, delayed sexual maturation, mental lethargy, anemia, reduced concentration of zinc in plasma and red cells, enlarged liver and spleen, and hyperpigmentation oral supplementation of 30 mg Zn daily had a prompt beneficial effect (Prasad 1979 Elinder 1986). 

Cosgrove DJ. Relaxation in a high-stress environment. The molecular bases of extensible cell walls and cell enlargement. The Plant Cell 1997b 9 1031-1041. 

Baeuerle PA, Kufer P, Lutterbuse R. Bispecific antibodies for polyclonal T-cell enlargement. Curr Op Mol Ther 2003 5(4) 413-419. 

Increase in fruit size is due mainly to cell enlargement. It is, therefore, not surprising that because auxins (indole-3-acetic acid and its derivatives) control cell extension,400-404 they have also been presumed to play... 

Pure hexagonal MCM-41 (sample H) and the hexagonal/lamellar (HL) mixed phases were prepared using the gel composition reported in Ref. 32. The synthesis gel was initially heated at 353 K and later at 423 K, which caused a small or moderate MCM-41 unit-cell enlargement and, usually, a partial transformation to the lamellar phase [28], Samples HL1-HL4 were described in Ref. 28. Samples HL-A and HL-B were obtained under similar conditions. The pure lamellar phase (sample L) was prepared as reported elsewhere [ 15,28],... 

Growth of individual cells enlarges them and often leads to cell division. The cell cycle describes this process with emphasis on replication of DNA. Homeostasis encompasses adaptation to altered nutrient or other environmental variables and to all... 

Fig. 6.1. Scanning electron micrographs showing the different surface textures of red (Er) and white blood cells. A Cells within a blood vessel. B,C A comparison of scanning electron micrographs with conventional light microscope images of the same field of stained cells. Enlarged pictures at the right emphasize the different surface textures of monocytes (Mo) and platelets (PI) in D, lymphocytes (Ly) in E, and neutrophils (Ne) in F. From Kessel RG and Kardon RH (1979). Tissues and Organs A Text Atlas of Scanning Electron Microscopy, WH Freeman, NY.

Cytokinin activity can be assayed conveniently with several plant tissues, including soybean (54) and tobacco (55,56) callus, radish leaf discs (11,12) and lettuce seed (57). The first two of these are probably the most useful since they are not excessively sensitive to light or temperature (58,59) and reflect both cell enlargement and division (60). 

Several compounds tested in our laboratory showed either marked increase or decrease in cell elongation and cell division. For example, brassinolide enhances cell enlargement and cell proliferation, whereas camptothecin completely inhibits the growth of the test organs, apparently blocking all mitosis. 

Nooden, L. D. Thimann, K. V. Evidence for a requirement for protein synthesis for auxin-induced cell enlargement. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1963, 50, 194-200. 

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