Specifications for Line Pipe

API specification 5L is currently the principal line pipe specification, it combines the previous API 5L, 5LX, and 5LS. The selection of a grade depends on the strength-to-weight ratio and the pumping costs. ASTM specifications (e.g., ASTM A381) are often used for compressor station pipe, particularly for extruded 

The helical seam grades in API 5L range from A to X70. Cold expansion is not normally performed however, some mills have installed and used expanders successfully. 

As mentioned previously, specifications to supplement the API requirements are normally written to tailor the line pipe to the specific operating conditions (Appendix D). Typical requirements are as follows  

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Spec. 5L Specification for Line Pipe RP 500 Classification of Locations for Electrical... 

Pipe shall be manufactured in accordance with API specification for line pipe, API Standard 5L (List Current Edition). In addition, It shall comply with the provisions and requirements of this specification. 

Specification for Line Pipe, API 5L, American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC, 1999. 

Many piping specifications are partially established by consensus standards such as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), ANSI B31.3, Chemical Plant and Petroleum Piping Code, the American Petroleum Institute s (API) API 5L Specifications for Lined Pipe, or the National Fire Protection Association s (NFPA) NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code. These can form the foundation for specifications however, individual plant operating conditions and history should be considered when establishing piping specifications. ... 

Since experimental creep rupture times rarely exceed 10" h, it is necessary to extrapolate the data, using a straight line extension of the ductile rupture line on the log-log graph. The British Gas Specification for polyethylene pipe required the 50 year creep rupture stress cr o > 10 MPa. The International Standard ISO 9080 classifies polyethylene as PE80 if the lower confidence limit of the 50 year creep rupture strength lies between 8.0 and 9.9 MPa, and as PEIOO if it lies between 10.0 and 11.9 MPa. 

Due to the nature of extreme-line casing, certain dimensional symbols and nomenclature differ from those for similar details for other pipe covered by this specification. 

API Specification 5B API Specification for Threading, Gaging, and Thread Inspection of Casing, Tubing, and Line Pipe Threads, API, Dallas, March 1979. 

Some type of connector or fitting must be provided to attach the lines to the components of the system and to connect sections of line to each other. There are many different types of connectors and fittings provided for this purpose. The type of connector or fitting required for a specific system depends on several factors. One determining factor is the type of fluid line (pipe, tubing or flexible hose) used in the system. Other determing factors are the type of fluid medium and maximum operating... 

Subsurface Method. The subsurface method requires a high back-pressure foam maker and forces this foam through a pipe into the bottom of the tank. This pipe may be the existing product line or a line installed specifically for... 

Line pipe Pipeline used for transportation of gas, oil, or water utility distribution pipeline system ranging in sizes from Vi to 42 in. OD inclusive. Fabricated to American Petroleum Institute (API) and American Water Works Association (AWWA) specifications. 

Control diagrams should be drawn in P ID format and should show all coil piping, including all valves, line numbers, and so on. A separate P ID should be developed for each air-handling unit and should show all devices individually. Control diagrams should supplemented with sequences of operation either on the drawing or as part of the specifications. Control diagrams should include a control valve schedule that supplies the size and specifications for each valve. 

Steam at the rate of 7000 kg/hr with an inlet pressure of 23.2 barabs and temperature of 220°C flows in a line that is 77.7 mm dia and 305 m long. Viscosity is 28.5(10 6)N sec/m2 and specific heat ratio is k = 1.31. For the pipe, e/D = 0.0006. The pressure drop will be found in (a) isothermal flow (b) adiabatic flow. Also, (c) the line diameter for sonic flow will be found. 

D 5686 Standard Specification for Fiberglass (Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe and Pipe Fittings, Adhesive Bonded Joint Type Epoxy Resin, for Condensate Return Lines... 

Standard specification for contact-molded FRP chemical-resistant tanks Standard specification for PTFE PFA FEP- and ETFE-lined piping Standard specification for PE and polypropylene (PP) plastic-lined ferrous metal pipe and fittings... 

Four appendixes are included. Appendix A contains standard materials selection used by many refiners and contractors in petroleum processing equipment. Appendix B contains a rules of thumb overview of refinery materials of construction. Appendix C contains background information on hydrogen diffusion through vessel walls, and Appendix D contains a standard specification for steel line pipe. 

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