Glass fiber-reinforced thermosetting resins

Ohsawa, T., Nakayama, A., Miwa, M. and Hasegawa, A. (1978). Temperature dependence of critical fiber length for glass fiber-reinforced thermosetting resins. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 22, 3203-3212. 

Bonding Adhesives for Design of Structural Joints D 5677 Specification for Fiberglass (Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting Resin)... 

Contact Molded Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoset Resin Chemical Resistant Tanks (ASTM D-4097-82)... 

Glass Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resins Hand Laminating... 

ASTM D2996 Standard Specification for Filament-Wound Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe. Applicable to epoxy, polyester, and furan resins in sizes from 1 in. to 16 in. (25 mm to 400 mm)... 

ASTM D3517 Standard Specification for Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pressure Pipe. Applicable for pipes 8 in. through 144 in. (200 mm through 3600 mm) diameter, with or without siliceous sand, and polyester or epoxy resin... 

Ehrenstein, G. W., Schmiemann, A. et al. Corrosion Phenomena in Glass-Fiber. Reinforced Thermosetting Resins, in Cheremisinoff Handbook of Cheramics and Composites, Marcel Decker Inc., New York, 1 (1990), p. 231 -268... 

The results obtained by this test method may serve as a guide in, but not as the sole basis for, predicting the possible performance of the particular glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting resin laminate in the one-side exposure to the specific environment under evaluation. No attempt has been made to incorporate into the test method aU of the factors that may enter into the serviceability of a glass-fiber-reinforced resin structure when subjected to chemical environments. 

Reinforced Thermoplastic Sheet. This process uses precombined sheets of thermoplastic resin and glass fiber reinforcement, cut into blanks to fit the weight and size requirements of the part to be molded. The blanks, preheated to a specified temperature, are loaded into the metal mold and the material flows under mol ding pressure to fiU the mold. The mold is kept closed under pressure until the temperature of the part has been reduced, the resin solidified, and demolding is possible. Cycle time, as with thermosetting resins, depends on the thickness of the part and the heat distortion temperature of the resin. Mol ding pressures are similar to SMC, 10—21 MPa (1500—3000 psi), depending on the size and complexity of the part. 

Some of the common types of plastics that ate used ate thermoplastics, such as poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) (see Polymers containing sulfur), nylons, Hquid crystal polymer (LCP), the polyesters (qv) such as polyesters that ate 30% glass-fiber reinforced, and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and polyetherimide (PEI) and thermosets such as diaHyl phthalate and phenoHc resins (qv). Because of the wide variety of manufacturing processes and usage requirements, these materials ate available in several variations which have a range of physical properties. 

SCRIMP process This Seeman Composites Resin Infusion Process (SCRIMP) is described as a gas-assist resin transfer molding process. As an example glass fiber fabrics/ thermoset vinyl ester polyester plastic and polyurethane foam panels (for insulation) are placed in a segmented tool. A vacuum is pulled with a bag so that a huge amount of plastic can be drawn into the mold (Marco process approach). Its curved roof is made separately and bonded to the box with mechanical and adhesive fastening. It is similar to various reinforced plastics molding processes. 

Unsaturated polyesters are relatively brittle and about 70% are used with fillers, of which glass fiber is easily the most popular. Glass fiber-reinforced polyester for small boat hulls consumes one quarter of unsaturated polyesters. Automobiles, furniture, and construction also make use of this thermoset resin. 

Besides graphite, carbon and glass fibers, organic fibers, e.g., Kevlar, have also been used to reinforce thermosetting resins, e.g., epoxy resin (38). One of the newest developments is fiber-reinforced thermoplastics, e.g., carbon fiber-reinforced polyether ether ketone (PEEK) ( ). These materials are rather tough as demonstrated in the interlaminar toughness values (Table... 

In the context of corrosion, composites refer to glass or other fiber or flake-reinforced thermosetting resins. Composite products use for their anticorrosion properties are fiberglass-reinforced pipe and storage tanks, fiber-reinforced plastic grating, handrails, I-beams, and other shapes equal to these that are made of steel. 

The matrix in reinforced plastics may be either a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin. The major thermosetting resins used in conjunction with glass-fiber reinforcement are unsaturated polyester resins and, to a lesser extent, epoxy resins. These resins have the advantage that they can be cured (cross-linked) at room temperature, and no volatiles are liberated during curing. 

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