Specifications and Operating Conditions

Employing the conditions defined in the three data bases and the appropriate equations derived from the Plate and Rate Theories, the optimum physical 

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The optimum mobile phase velocity will also be determined in the above calculations together with the minimum radius to achieve minimum solvent consumption and maximum mass sensitivity. The column specifications and operating conditions are summarized in Table 4. 

Employing the conditions defined in the three data bases and the appropriate equations derived from the Plate and Rate Theories the physical properties of the column and column packing can be determined and the correct operating conditions identified. The precise column length and particle diameter that will achieve the necessary resolution and provide the analysis in the minimum time can be calculated. It should again be emphasized that, the specifications will be such, that for the specific separation carried out, on the phase system selected and the equipment available, the minimum analysis time will be absolute No other column is possible that will allow the analysis to be carried out in less time. 

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Unfortunately, some of the data that are required to calculate the specifications and operating conditions of the optimum column involve instrument specifications which are often not available from the instrument manufacturer. In particular, the total dispersion of the detector and its internal connecting tubes is rarely given. In a similar manner, a value for the dispersion that takes place in a sample valve is rarely provided by the manufactures. The valve, as discussed in a previous chapter, can make a significant contribution to the extra-column dispersion of the chromatographic system, which, as has also been shown, will determine the magnitude of the column radius. Sadly, it is often left to the analyst to experimentally determine these data. 

Table 5 Membrane specifications and operation conditions for UF stage in WWTP hybrid process for industrial reuse water reclamation...

In the 1960s and 1970s, there was a proliferation of dissolution apparatus design. With their diverse design specifications and operating conditions, dissolution curves obtained with them were often not comparable and it was gradually realized that a standardization of methods was needed, which would enable correlation of data obtained with the various test apparatus. As a result, the National... 

Table 2 Specifications and operating conditions of a blown film machine...

The first version of ERICE was tailored for this plant. The information peculiar to the plant with which the expert system was supplied consists of material properties, water chemistry specifications and operating conditions for different circuits, etc. 

Case study III. Fukuoka SWRO is the largest desalination plant in Japan with a capacity of 50,000 m /d. It was commissioned in 2005—2006. The plant specifications and operating conditions are given in Table 3.5 [53,54]. The plant is of special interest because of its various different design features and performance [59] ... 

For the selected molar feed specifications and operating conditions, both conversion and selectivity remain almost constant for reflux ratios greater than 2. 

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