Soyabean processing

Erikson D R 1995 Practical Handbook of Soyabean Processing and Utilization, Champaign, lL,AOCS Press. 

Although the relatively mild treatments involved in soyabean processing could hardly be expected a priori to lead to complex chemical reactions it has been established that aqueous alkali, even at... 

Allen and Allen (1981) have described the little that is known about the introduction of legume species into agriculture and the role of inoculation in this process. For example, alfalfa (the hay of the Medes), Medicago sativa, was taken by the Spanish from the Middle east into South and Central America, from which point it spread to the north without, one presumes, deliberate use of soil inoculation. None of its cross inoculation group (species of Medicago, Melilotus or Trigonella) occur in the New World. Soyabean was introduced into America from Asia much later, and today both crops are routinely inoculated. 

Rapeseed oil, soyabean oil and palm oil, being the cheapest available oils, are those most likely to be used to bulk-out more expensive products. One would have thought that any oil labelled as rapeseed , soya or palm would be 100% authentic, with the possible exception of a very small amount of contamination arising from normal processes in the refinery. This would certainly seem to be true for the first two listed oils, but not necessarily for palm oil. Figure 1.2 shows two oils. Sample B can be seen to be mainly liquid oil, yet was submitted to... 

Ferrari et al (1996) claimed that deodorization caused significantly more steradiene formation than the other processes, including bleaching during the refining of corn, soyabean and rapeseed oils, but most other studies have shown that bleaching is the step at which most of the steradienes are formed. 

Performic acid is an unstable, hazardous percarboxylic acid, and must always be generated in situ. Epoxidation with in situ performic and peracetic acid are well established commercial processes. They find application in the epoxidation of alkenes, particularly those of high molecular weight. Many such epoxides are produced on a large scale, and can be classified as vegetable oils, unsaturated esters, unsaturated acids, a-alkenes, natural polymers and synthetic polymers. The most important vegetable oil which is epoxidized commercially is soyabean oil. World production of epoxidized soyabean oil (ESBO) exceeds 150000 metric tons per annum. Epoxidized linseed oil is also important, but produced at a lower rate than ESBO. Both products are formed by usual in situ performic and peracetic acid techniques.23,24 Typical procedures are outlined in Table 3.1.25... 

Murphy, J.J., McNeill, G.P., Connolly, J.F., and Gleeson, P.A. (1990) Effect on Cow Performance and Milk Fat Composition of Including Full Fat Soyabean and Rapeseed in the Concentrate Mixture for Lactating Dairy Cows, J. Dairy Res. 57, 295-306. Chouinard, P.Y., Girard, V., and Brisson, G.J. (1997) Performance and Profiles of Milk Fatty Acids Fed Full Fat, Heat-Treated Soybeans using Various Processing Methods, J. Dairy Sci. 80, 334-342. 

Microcapsules of Perilla seed oil (PSO) are prepared using soyabean protein and maltodextrin as the wall material, using a spray-drying method [62]. Moreover, the linolenic acid present in microencapsulated PSO is not lost during processing. 

Numerous workers from various countries have reported beneficial effect of exogenous application of AA to seeds of different crop plants In their growth and yield and also Induced resistance to drought as well as salinity. There is a paucity of work on AA turnover and its role in the metabolism of seed under thermal pretreatment. High temperature treatment (50 C, 70 C, 100 C) given to air-dry seeds of wheat and soyabean accelerated AA turnover and consequently activities of various enzymes and levels of metabolites which in turn increased metabolic processes and thus resulted in enhanced growth and yield. 

The proximate composition of canola/rapeseed varies among varieties as a result of both genetic makeup and growing conditions. As summarized in Table 4.3 [4], the oil content of canola is about twice that of soyabeans and contains much more fibre than soyabeans. The protein content of oil-free canola meal is only slightly lower than that of soyabeans. Canola is processed primarily for its oil, which makes up some 40% of the seed mass. It has an ideal fatty acid composition for human consumption, with a linoleic-to-linolenic acid ratio of approximately 2. After oil removal, the meal contains more than 40% protein with well-balanced amino acid composition. The essential amino acid composition, given in Table 4.4, indicates that canola protein is superior... 

However, besides the novel food hurdle, there are also other reasons why rape-seed protein is not produced in industrial scale so far. Particularly, there are some processing difficulties in comparison with, for instance, soyabean protein. 

Two currently important examples of the effect of food processing on toxic f actors will be examined in detail. Processing of soyabeans and similar pulse or oilseed commodities, with a view to food use, is growing, and the quality of the protein in the final product is important. Changes in protein quality at the various stages of processing, as well as the effect on other toxic f actors, will be examined. In the case of... 

The processing of the world s most important oilseed presents many features of interest in relation to detoxification, especially since soyabean protein products in a variety of forms are currently finding wide applications in the fabricated foods industry. Though they have formed standard articles of diet for hundreds and probably thousands of years, soyabeans in the raw state contain a wide range of... 

Fig. 1. Industrial processing of soyabeans (outline). (Figures in brackets are approximate % protein.)...

Support for the fact that soyabean isolates are not all that they might be also comes from nutritional data . It can be seen from Table 5 that the refining processes do not automatically result in improved... 

The key question arising from this soyabean case study is does the processing of soyabeans lead to detoxification The answer must be yes, on the whole, but it is liable to be accompanied by the production of new physiologically active substances, even when carried out under quite mild conditions. 

The incidence of breast and prostate cancer is much higher in Western covmtries than in Far Eastern ones, where there is an abundance of dietary phytoestrogens. Populations in the Far East have been consuming soyabean for centuries. In contrast. Western cultures and diets have only started to adopt soy foods much more recently. Western-style soy foods are produced by modem processing techniques in large soybean-processing plants. 

Chem. Descrip. Sulfonated soyabean oil, sodium neutralized Uses Lubricant emulsifier in pigment flushing, cleaners, textiles, paper processing Actrol 4DP [Polartech Additives USA]... 

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