Epoxidized soyabean oil

Performic acid is an unstable, hazardous percarboxylic acid, and must always be generated in situ. Epoxidation with in situ performic and peracetic acid are well established commercial processes. They find application in the epoxidation of alkenes, particularly those of high molecular weight. Many such epoxides are produced on a large scale, and can be classified as vegetable oils, unsaturated esters, unsaturated acids, a-alkenes, natural polymers and synthetic polymers. The most important vegetable oil which is epoxidized commercially is soyabean oil. World production of epoxidized soyabean oil (ESBO) exceeds 150000 metric tons per annum. Epoxidized linseed oil is also important, but produced at a lower rate than ESBO. Both products are formed by usual in situ performic and peracetic acid techniques.23,24 Typical procedures are outlined in Table 3.1.25... 

The recipe for the protective envelope is (in phr) PVC (Kwert 70), 100 propylene glycol polyadipate, 30 chlorinated paraffin (52% Cl), 20 ditridecyl phthalate, 15 dibasic lead phthalate, 10 epoxidized soyabean oil, 2 bisphenol A, 0.05 Sb203,14 calcium carbonate covered with stearic acid, 15 carbon black, 2. 

Mixed Metal Salts (or Soaps). These consist of Ba/Cd salts (once the most widely used because of their effectiveness but now declining owing to regulatory pressure), Ba/Zn, and Ca/Zn salts. The efficacy of these mixed metal salts as thermal stabilizers follows that order. Mainly used in flexible or semirigid PVC, they are available in solid and liquid versions. Solids are typically salts of fatty acids such as stearates and laurates while liquid versions are octoate, phenolate, and neodecanoate salts. Mixed metal salts are almost always used in the presence of secondary stabilizers such as organophosphites, epoxies (eg, epoxidized soyabean oil), and j8-diketones. This is particularly the case for the less active Ba and Ca/Zn. The ratio of metal salt to secondary stabilizer is typically 4 1. Mixed metal salts or soaps are available from Akros, Baerlocher, Ferro, and Rohm Haas in North America. 

Ratna, D., 2001. Mechanical properties and morphology of epoxidized soyabean-oil-modified epoxy resin. Polymer International 50, 179—184. 

Epoxidized soyabean or linseed oils Plasticizers for novolac epoxy resins. Also prevent auto-catalytic decomposition of NG during storage... 

Table 3.1 Typical procedures for the epoxidation of soyabean oil using in situ performic and peracetic acid...

A variety of substrates can be epoxidized with distilled aqueous peracetic acid. It can be used directly with more robust substrates or for more sensitive alkenes in conjunction with a buffer. Examples of the former group include soyabean oil, stilbenes and synthetic polymers. Cyclohexene, isoamylene and styrene are examples of the latter class (Figure 3.11). 

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