Propylene glycol esters

Propylene Glycol Esters. These emulsifiers are formed by an alcoholysis reaction of propylene glycol and fatty acids, and are predominantly used in cakes, prepared mixes, whipped toppings, and breads (36). 

Emulsifiers. The chemical structures of emulsifiers, or surfactants, enable these materials to reduce the surface tension at the interface of two immiscible surfaces, thus allowing the surfaces to mix and form an emulsion. An emulsifier consists of a polar group, which is attracted to aqueous substances, and a hydrocarbon chain, which is attracted to lipids. Emulsifiers include mono- and diglycerides, lecithin, propylene glycol esters, luctylated esters, sorbttan and sorbitol esters, polysorbate.x, and sucrose esters. 

Propylene glycol esters Propylene glycol monocaprylate... 

Substances related to the glycerides are the propylene glycol esters, chemically derived from propylene glycol and fatty acids. Important examples are propylene glycol monocaprylate... 

Polyethylene or propylene glycol esters of fatty acids are more hydrophilic than monoglycerides. They can be produced in a range of compositions. 

Chiral [160, l70, l80]phosphomonoesters and ATPy[l60, l70, lsO] have been synthesized by Knowles and associates, who devised the procedure outlined in Fig. 19 [51-55], The procedure has been used to synthesize phenyl[160, l70, l80]phos-phate and 2-[160,170,180]phospho-D-glycerate as well as the propylene glycol ester shown. The starting cyclic adduct was prepared by reaction of (— )-ephedrine with P17OCl3, giving a separable mixture of 2-chloro-l,3,2-oxazaphospholidin-2-ones whose chemistry had been described [56], The major isomer was converted to (/ p)-l-[160, nO,180]phospho-1,2-propanediol and (Sp)-ATPy[l60, nO, lsO] by the reactions shown. The stereochemistry at each step of the synthesis was well prece-dented in the literature nevertheless, the configurations were verified by independent methods described in the next section. 

Propylene glycol esters of fatty acid, Glyceryl monooleate... 

Propylene glycol esters of fatty acids such as propylene glycol laurate and propylene glycol monolaurate can be used alone or as a cosurfactant. Menatetrenone (also known as vitamin K2) is used in the treatment of osteoporosis and is practically water insoluble and formulated as a solution in propylene glycol esters of fatty acids and glyceryl monooleate as 15 mg Glakay soft gelatin capsules. 

Alginic acid, propylene glycol ester E405 hydroxypropyl alginate Kelcoloid Manucol ester. Pronova propane-1,2-diol alginate Protanal TIC Pretested. 

Propylene glycol alginate is a propylene glycol ester of alginic acid, a linear glycuronan polymer consisting of a mixture of (1-(1 4)-D-mannosyluronic acid and a-(1 4)-L-gulosyluronic acid residues. 

Menatetrenone/ Glakay Capsules 15 mg/Eisai Co./ Osteoporosis 0 CHj CHj CHj CHj 45 mg (3 capsules) t.i.d. Soft gelatin capsule 15 mg Propylene glycol esters of fatty acid, Glyceryl monooleate ... 

The next level of complexity in lipid-based formulations is those that contain two excipients. Some typical combinations are sesame oil with a-tocopherol, medium-chain triglyceride with ethanol, and propylene glycol esters of fatty acids with glyceryl monooleate. There are at least 6 commercially available oral formulations with two lipid excipients. 

Propylene Glycol, Sorbitol, and POE Sorbitol Esters Propylene glycol esters are more lipophilic than the corresponding glycerol esters sorbitol esters are more hydrophilic (unless dehydrated in course of manufacture). Polyoxyethylenation of sorbitol (and anhydrosorbitol produced during manufacture) gives wide range of solubilities and hydrophilic-lipophilic balances to products. 

Promodan. [Oiindsted Prods.] Propylene glycol esters ennilsifier fw foo, cosmetics. 

Alginic acid propylene glycol ester 3196 Alkamide LE 409... 

Capmul . [Karlshamns] Glyceryl esters, sorbitan estert, propylene glycol esters and their ethoxylates food emulsifier, pigment dispersant, defoamer, stabilize, internal lubricant to cosmetics. 

RoL [Fabriquimica] Ethoxylated esters or glycol, glyceryl, or propylene glycol esters. 

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