Direct visual

Manne S, Cleveland J P, Gaub FI E, Stucky G D and Flansma P K 1994 Direct visualization of surfactant hemimicelles by force microscopy of the electrical double layer Langmuir 10 4409-13... 

Otlier fonns of microscopy have been used to evaluate nanocrystals. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while having lower resolution tlian TEM, is able to image nanoparticles on bulk surfaces, for direct visualization of... 

Direct visual observation preliminary observation for final characterization, or preparative for other instrumentation... 

Good semi-quantitative agreements are found in diffraction patterns and proposed models obtained by molecular-dynamics[14], because the results of the ex-periments[31-34] are consistent with the atomic models proposed by us[14]. However, in the present state of high-resolution electron microscopy, taking into account, moreover, the number of sheets and the complicated geometry of the helix, it seems unlikely to directly visualize the pentagon-hexagon pairs. 

Porosity and surface area are routinely measured by nitrogen absorption-desorption, mercury intrusion, and low-angle X ray. The electron microscope (EM) provides direct visual evidence of pore size and pore-size distribution. Thus, a combination of EM and conventional methods of pore-size measurement should provide reliable information on the pore structure of polymers. 

By direct visual observation we can watch the contents of these two bulbs approach the constancy of macroscopic properties (in this case,, color) that indicates equilibrium. In bulb A equilibrium was approached by the dissociation of > N2Qi, reaction (4) in bulb B it was approached by the opposite reaction, reaction (5). Here it is clear why the color of each bulb stopped changing at the particular hue characteristic of the equilibrium state at 25°C. The reaction between N02 and N204 can proceed in both directions ... 

The percentages of amino acids in silk fibroin which Poison et al. (224) found by direct visual and indirect photometric analysis of ninhydrin paper-partition chromatograms are shown in Table VII. The percentages obtained for alanine, glycine, and serine appear to be reasonably accurate, inasmuch as they agree closely with those found by other methods. It would be of interest to determine alanine by the microbiological method reported recently by Sauberlich and Baumann (238), in view of the widely different values found for this amino acid by the described ninhydrin-chromatographic procedure and the selec-... 

On the other hand, TEM shows a qualitative imderstanding of the internal structure, spatial distribution of the various phases, and views of the defect structure through direct visualization (Ray and Bousmina, 2005). 

Direct Visualization. The most direct way of examining a fetus Is to look directly at It, and an Instnunent has been developed for this purpose — the fetoscope (15). This Instrument Is a modified endoscope which can be Inserted Into the amnlotlc cavity through a 14 gauge needle. Since this needle Is fairly large In diameter, there Is a significant possibility of uterine or placental bleeding associated with Its Introduction. In addition, lack of flexibility Interferes with... 

This chip version is typically made in glass and has the great advantage that the flow can be directly visualized [40,44—46]. Fabrication is achieved by photolithography and wet-chemical etching followed by thermal bonding of the plates covered with a thin layer of solder [47]. 

Velocity-encoding 2D NMR imaging methods characterize general patterns of spatial velocity distributions and directly visualize different characteristics of flow behavior depending on the properties of the materials and operating param-... 

Direct visualization of C. neoformans in the CSF by India ink staining is the most rapid method for diagnosing cryp-tococcal meningitis. 

Moter, A. Gobel, U. B. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for direct visualization of microorganisms. J. Microbiol. Meth. 2000, 41, 85-112. 

Over time, statisticians have devised many tests for the distributions of data, including one that relies on visual inspection of a particular type of graph. Of course, this is no more than the direct visual inspection of the data or of the calibration residuals themselves. However, a statistical test is also available, this is the x2 test for distributions, which we have previously described. This test could be applied to the question, but shares many of the disadvantages of the F-test and other tests. The main difficulty is the practical one this test is very insensitive and therefore requires a large number of samples and a large departure from linearity in order for this test to be able to detect it. Also, like the F-test it is not specific for nonlinearity, false positive indication can also be triggered by other types of defects in the data. 

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