Somatic body

Need for exactness or symmetry Somatic (body) fears... 

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Implantation of nuclei from somatic (body) cells into an egg to make a cloned embryo. 

Somatic dysfunction is an impaired or altered function of related components of the somatic (body framework) system skeletal, arthrodial, and myo-fascial structures, and related vascular, lymphatic, and neural elements. 

Dependence is a somatic state which develops after chronic administration of certain dtugs. This condition is characterized by the necessity to continue administration of the drug to avoid the appearance of withdrawal symptoms. Withdrawal symptoms are relieved by the administration of the drug upon which the body was dependent . Psychological dependence is due to (e.g., social) reinforcement processes in the maintenance of drug-seeking behavior. 

Instructions for the behaviour of every cell in the bodies of worms, flies and humans will soon reside in public databases for all to read. A complete set of these instructions, packaged as chromosomes, is inherited by most cells in our body. Because of this, many if not most somatic nuclei in mammals are totipotent that is, they are capable of programming all of mammalian development when injected into enucleated eggs (Wilmut et al 1997). Dolly s creation had dramatic practical consequences but its feasibility was never improbable on theoretical grounds. How cells inherit two complete packages of the genome at each cell division is one of the most fundamental questions in biology (Fig. la). 

The posterior multimodal association area is located at the junction of the parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. It pools and integrates somatic, auditory, and visual stimuli for complex perceptual processing. As such, this area is involved primarily with visuospatial localization, language, and attention. Lesions here interfere with awareness of one s body position and of the space in which it moves as well as the ability to integrate and make sense of elements of a visual scene. In other words, these patients have normal visual acuity but cannot focus on an object of interest. 

The spinocerebellum influences muscle tone and coordinates skilled voluntary movements. It receives sensory input from interneurons in the spinal cord transmitting somatic information, in particular from muscle and joint proprioceptors providing data regarding body movements and positions that are actually taking place. It also receives input from the cortical motor areas providing information regarding intended or desired movement. The spinocerebellum then compares these inputs. If the actual status of a body part differs from the intended status, the spinocerebellum transmits impulses back to the motor areas of the brain to make appropriate adjustments in activation of the associated skeletal muscles. 

The cell bodies of somatic motor neurons are found in the ventral horn. The axons of these neurons exit the CNS through the ventral root of the spinal nerve and innervate skeletal muscles. The two types of motor neurons located in the ventral horn are ... 

As its name implies, deep somatic pain is generated in deep body structures, such as the periosteum, muscles, tendons, joints, and blood vessels. This type of pain is more diffuse than cutaneous pain. It may be elicited by strong pressure, ischemia, and tissue damage. 

Skeletal muscle comprises the largest group of tissues in the human body and accounts for up to 40% of total body weight. This type of muscle, which is innervated by the somatic nervous system, is under voluntary control. Skeletal muscle performs many important functions in the body, including ... 

One property expected of the genetic material is a constancy of amount in every cell of the body under every environmental situation. DNA, not RNA or protein, fulfills this expectation. Its content per nucleus is the same in every cell except the germ cells, which have exactly half that found in the somatic cells. Again, this is expected if progeny obtain half their characteristics from each parent. This constancy is so dependable that the measurement of the DNA concentration in a tissue can be used to calculate die number of nuclei and thus the number of cells. This works well for diploid cells such as those of the kidney, but corrections must be made for polyploid mammalian liver or cancer cells. 

Cancer is a condition characterized by the uncontrolled replication and growth of the body s own cells (somatic cells). Carcinogenic agents may be categorized as follows ... 

It s a dangerous illness, politically, because it demands so much change. It s different enough that it s easy for some people to move it from the body to the mind. I hope my book is a corrective to some of the critics that are too ready to write this illness off as neurotic somatization. They re too ready to move it from the body to the mind. Environmental illness doesn t fit any of the hysterical contagion models that are out there, and there aren t any real secondary gains associated with this illness. 

Somatic 1. Pertaining to or characteristic of the soma or body. 2. Pertaining to the body wall in contrast to the viscera. [EU]... 

Somatic cells All the body cells except the reproductive (germ) cells. [NIH]... 

Somatic mutations Alterations in DNA that occur after conception. Somatic mutations can occur in any of the cells of the body except the germ cells (sperm and egg) and therefore are not passed on to children. These alterations can (but do not always) cause cancer or other... 

Anatomically, the nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) consisting of the brain and the spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system comprised of neural cells forming a network throughout the body. The peripheral system is itself subdivided into two sections the somatic system, where control of skeletal muscles allows movement and breathing, and the autonomic system which controls the actions of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glandular tissues. Further subdivision of the autonomic system based on anatomical and biochemical factors creates the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. 

Gene therapy is used to correct the effects of a disease-causing mutation. Somatic cell gene therapy is used in humans because the alteration is not transmitted to offspring. Germline gene therapy (not practiced in humans) alters all cells in the body and results in transmission of the alteration to offspring. 

---